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561.
Stephen L. Ross Margery Austin Turner Erin Godfrey Robin R. Smith 《Journal of urban economics》2008,63(3):902-919
In 2000, the Urban Institute paired African-American and Hispanic testers with whites and sent the pairs to visit lenders in Chicago and Los Angeles, in order to inquire about information on obtaining a home mortgage. In Chicago, African Americans and Hispanics systematically received less information and assistance than comparable whites; while in Los Angeles, the treatment of minority and white testers did not differ statistically from each other. Multivariate analyses for Chicago indicate that large lenders treat minorities more favorably than smaller lenders and that lenders with substantial numbers of applications from African-Americans treat African-Americans more favorably than lenders with predominantly white application pools. 相似文献
562.
Financial deregulation and productivity growth in banking sector: empirical evidence from Bangladesh
This article examines the effects of regulatory reform on productivity growth in the Bangladesh banking industry. We use a unique balanced panel dataset comprising bank-level annual data from the early deregulation year (1984) to the most recent available period (2012) from major commercial banks in Bangladesh. Applying the Färe-Primont index, the paper provides estimates of productivity growth and identifies sources of total factor productivity (TFP) change. Empirical results show the sample banks have experienced positive TFP change after the financial deregulation. On average, TFP growth is higher in private banks than their public sector counterparts in the post-reform period. In addition, the decomposition analysis shows technological progress is the main driver of productivity change. Similar results are obtained by using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Thus, empirical results remain robust irrespective of the methodology used. The regression analysis finds a positive technical change in the first stage of the reform program, i.e. during the transition period, as leading banks employ advanced technology to compete with potential new entrants. The result also shows that the banking industry still remains concentrated within the state-owned banks. 相似文献
563.
Unit specific effects are often used to estimate non-spatial efficiency. We extend such estimators to the case where there is spatial autoregressive dependence and introduce the concept of spillover efficiency. Intuitively, we present an approach to benchmark how successful units are at exporting and importing productive performance to and from other units. 相似文献
564.
Recently, the ethical rather than just the economic resonance of entrepreneurship has attracted attention with researchers
highlighting entrepreneurship and ethics as interwoven processes of value creation and management. Recognising that traditional
normative perspectives on ethics are limited in application in entrepreneurial contexts, this stream of research has theorised
entrepreneurship and ethics as the pragmatic production of useful effects through the alignment of public–private values.
In this article, we critique this view and use Kant’s concept of reflective judgement as discussed in his Critique of the Power of Judgement to theorise ethical entrepreneurial practice as the capacity to routinely break free from current conventions through the
imaginative creation and use of self-legislating maxims. Through an analysis of the narratives of 12 entrepreneurs, we suggest
there are three dimensions to reflective judgement in entrepreneurial contexts: (1) Social Performance; (2) Public Challenge
and; (3) Personal Autonomy. Whilst the entrepreneurs were alive to the importance of commercial return, their narratives demonstrated
further concern for, and commitment to, standards that they rationally and imaginatively felt as being appropriate. In our
discussion, we integrate the findings into existing theoretical categories from entrepreneurship studies to better appreciate
ethics within the context of value creation. 相似文献
565.
Recent work documents large positive abnormal returns when a hedge fund announces activist intentions regarding a publicly listed firm. We show that these returns are largely explained by the ability of activists to force target firms into a takeover. For a comprehensive sample of 13D filings by portfolio investors between 1993 and 2006, announcement returns and long-term abnormal returns are high for targets that are ultimately acquired, but not detectably different from zero for firms that remain independent. Firms targeted by activists are more likely than control firms to get acquired. Finally, activist investors’ portfolios perform poorly during a period in which market wide takeover interest declined. 相似文献
566.
567.
We study the relation between the ownership structure of financial assets and non-fundamental risk. We define an asset to be fragile if it is susceptible to non-fundamental shifts in demand. An asset can be fragile because of concentrated ownership, or because its owners face correlated or volatile liquidity shocks, i.e., they must buy or sell at the same time. We formalize this idea and apply it to mutual fund ownership of US stocks. Consistent with our predictions, fragility strongly predicts price volatility. We then extend the logic of fragility to investigate two natural extensions: (1) the forecast of stock return comovement and (2) the potentially destabilizing impact of arbitrageurs on stock prices. 相似文献
568.
Comparing asset swap spreads across bonds is a widely used tool for measuring relative value. This approach leads portfolio
managers to increase their risk exposure in ways that are not transparent. Credit default swaps are utilized to demonstrate
that viewing wide asset swaps as an indicator of relative value is a mirage. The paper documents the empirical regularities
in the term structure of credit spreads and spread volatilities that make this result possible. In addition, we present empirical
evidence of the imprint made on corporate bond returns by the widespread use of the asset swaps data. 相似文献
569.
This study illustrates the impact of both spot and option liquidity levels on option prices. Using implied volatility to measure the option price structure, our empirical results reveal that even after controlling for the systematic risk of Duan and Wei ( 2009 ), a clear link remains between option prices and liquidity; with a reduction (increase) in spot (option) liquidity, there is a corresponding increase in the level of the implied volatility curve. The former is consistent with the explanation on hedging costs provided by Cetin, Jarrow, Protter, and Warachka ( 2006 ), whereas the latter is consistent with the “illiquidity premium” hypothesis of Amihud and Mendelson ( 1986a ). This study also shows that the slope of the implied volatility curve can be partially explained by option liquidity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 相似文献
570.
This research determined to what extent tour operators in Western Canada who use natural, public-owned assets as a main feature of their business operations have developed formal or informal environmental management systems (EMS)and which EMS elements they use most frequently and most successfully. Furthermore, the research investigated which variables drive the use of EMS elements to ensure good environmental performance. The findings suggest that those operators who seek environmentally related business outcomes, possess supply-side tourism development values, and have more business experience, will have developed more sophisticated EMS and find these systems more useful in ensuring good environmental performance. With this information, park officials can develop a plan for knowledge sharing and the education of all tour operators. Park officials can design appropriate training and development programmes by considering the barriers that they might encounter in encouraging tour operators to implement certain policies and procedures. Tour operators can transfer some elements of EMS, widely recognised as useful, to other tour operators by ‘assimilation’, as few barriers exist to the implementation of these elements. However, if beliefs and attitudes must change before operators will use an element, learning by ‘accommodation’ will be a more appropriate approach. 相似文献