Antecedents and Consequences of Employer Branding

This study reviewed and analysed the phenomenon of employer branding. We began with a review of recent research in employer branding. Next, drawing the theoretical knowledge from OB, HRM, and marketing, a framework is developed depicting the antecedents of employer branding and its impact on the company performance. For this, primary data were collected administering a questionnaire survey on 347 top-level executives in 209 companies in India, and secondary data were collected on financial performance. The results revealed that realistic job previews, perceived organizational support, equity in reward administration, perceived organizational prestige, organizational trust, leadership of top management, psychological contract obligations, and corporate social responsibility influence employer branding, which in turn impact non-financial and financial performance of companies. Furthermore, leadership of top management is the most potent predictor of employer branding. Greater deviation of the existing state from the ideal state of antecedents adversely affects employer branding. Management can use this framework for developing strategy towards implementation of employer branding.     

Firm’s tax evasion in a principal-agent model with self-protection

Gatekeepers have an increasing role in taxation and regulation. Whereas burdening them with legal liability for misconducts that benefit those who resort to their services actually discourages wrongdoings—as will be clarified in the article—an alienation effect can also arise. The gatekeeper might become more interested in covering up the illegal behavior. This article studies the problem with respect to tax evasion by firms in a principal-agent framework. It highlights the role of legal rules pertaining to liability for tax evasion in shaping the choices of the parties, as concealment costs vary according to whether the risk-neutral principal or the riskaverse agent is held responsible when tax evasion is detected. The main result of the analysis is that there is a simple ex post test that can be carried out to infer whether harnessing the agent was socially beneficial.     

Test of Bernoulli success probability in inverse sampling for nearer alternatives using adaptive allocation

This paper provides a test procedure for the problem of testing Bernoulli success probability in the case of costly trials when an inverse sampling is carried out. The proposed test is based on a two population adaptive sampling scheme used in clinical trials. Some exact and asymptotic results related to the test are studied. The proposed procedure is applicable where the alternatives are not too far from the null hypothetical value.     

A Bayesian adaptive design in clinical trials for continuous responses

Adaptive design is a popular concept in several clinical trials, especially in phase III trials. The idea is to allocate treatments to the entering patients according to the state of art of the present data, i.e., to allocate a larger number of patients to the better treatment. The present paper provides a Bayesian formulation of an adaptive allocation design for clinical trials that considers all the continuous responses along with the associated covariates for future allocation. Some Bayesian inferences followed by the allocation are discussed along with a Bayesian prediction for future allocation. The convergence of the allocation probabilities is also discussed along with some related logistics of the design.     

A covariate‐adjusted adaptive design for two‐stage clinical trials with survival data

A randomized two‐stage adaptive design is proposed and studied for allocation of patients to treatments and comparison in a phase III clinical trial with survival time as treatment responses. We consider the possibility of several covariates in the design and analysis. Several exact and limiting properties of the design and the follow‐up inference are studied, both numerically and theoretically. The applicability of the proposed methodology is illustrated by using some real data.     

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment

Despite the growing interest in capital and technology issues, certain issues still remain to be explored regarding the determinants of foreign direct investment by a multinational corporation and the corporation's consequent choice of investment location. This paper addresses some of these concerns by analyzing the determinants of foreign direct investment by a multinational corporation, both theoretically and empirically. For this purpose, the paper integrates a number of traditional and nontraditional variables into the standard theory of investment based on the maximization of the expected value of the firm. The theoretical model implies that both traditional as well as nontraditional factors matter in determining the flows of foreign direct investment in a country. The generalized investment theory on US foreign direct investment then is tested empirically utilizing panel data for 44 countries from 1983 to 1990. The estimation results provide considerable support for the importance of both traditional and nontraditional factors in determining flows of foreign direct investment in a country. Furthermore, the country-specific dummies show high level of significance, reflecting the importance of the country-specific characteristics in explaining flows of foreign direct investment.     

On the Choice Between the Stocking Rate and Time in Range Management

A long standing question in range management concerns the relative importance of the stocking rate versus the length oftime during which animals graze a particular rangeland. Weaddress this question by analyzing the problem faced by a privaterancher who wishes to minimize the long run expected net unit cost (LRENC) from range operations by choosing either the stocking rate or the length of time during which his animals graze hisrangeland. We construct a renewal-theoretic model and show that,in general, this rancher's LRENC with an optimally chosen stocking rate is lower than his LRENC with an optimally chosen grazing cycle length. From a management perspective, this means that correct stocking of the range is more important than the length of time during which animals graze the range. In addition, our research shows how to address questions concerning the desirability of temporal versus non-temporal controls in managing naturalresources such as fisheries and hunting grounds.     

Retailer Pricing and Competitive Effects

Until recently, retailers have taken an either/or approach to competition: either reacting fiercely to competitive price changes or ignoring them altogether. Today, however, firms make a concerted effort to determine and quantify competitive effects. In this paper, we focus on how pricing and competitive effects interact as a general phenomenon, particularly as it applies to retailing. We attempt to construct a general framework that enhances our understanding of the emerging research issues in the area of pricing and competitive effects, and we examine their implications for practice. The areas that show high promise/opportunity are in the online setting for all types of goods—fashion, perishable and packaged staples, and durables—particularly with respect to pricing for profitability and understanding the impact of competition. Other opportunities include understanding the pricing and competitive effects in the perishable goods category sold in specialty, discount, and convenience stores.