Child injury prevention in Vietnam: achievements and challenges

As with other South Asian countries, injury is becoming a leading cause of death and morbidity among children in Vietnam. In response to the increasing burden of child injury, government and non-government agencies in Vietnam have combined efforts during the last decade to develop and implement various child injury prevention strategies and programmes. This article provides, through a review of relevant documents and interviews with major stakeholders, an overview of these efforts and highlights major challenges to child injury prevention in the country. The findings point to notable achievements in terms of increasing awareness of injury facing children at all levels in the community and developing a sound injury prevention policy framework in a relatively short period of time. However, much needs to be done to implement necessary environmental and legislative changes, strengthen child injury surveillance and injury prevention research; and to improve access to health services. The insight into the experience of Vietnam could benefit other low- and middle-income countries with a high burden of child injury.     

小型团队领导者工作态度量表研究

工作态度是影响工作绩效的一个重要变量,工作态度测量量表的开发在工作绩效与其前因变量关系的研究中是必不可少的。本文根据Vroom的期望理论,对工作态度及其维度进行了重新界定,试图解决工作态度与工作绩效各前因变量的独立性问题,并在此基础上开发了小型团领导者工作态度测量量表。试调数据的统计分析显示该量表具有良好的分半信度、聚合效度和区别效度,可用作小型团领导者工作绩效及其前因变量关系研究的工具。     

A tale of two marketplaces: Consumption restriction, social comparison, and life satisfaction

Analysis with reports from more than 56,000 consumers across 38 countries reveals that social comparison (upward/downward) moderates the relationship between consumption restriction and life satisfaction. Specifically, insufficient access to goods and services combined with the likelihood of making upward social comparisons lowers life satisfaction??this negative consequence also is exacerbated by poverty. Most studies focus on wealthier consumers given importance of material abundance to affluent lifestyles; this investigation suggests that materialism also influences lives of impoverished consumers. Challenging our conventional wisdom, these results reveal that social comparisons are significantly more powerful determinants of life satisfaction for people in much poorer, developing societies than for people in more affluent societies. Specifically, compared to their affluent counterparts, impoverished consumers experience greater decreases in life satisfaction when their access to goods and services is lower than others within their societies.     

基于脉冲积累的LFM脉冲调制斜率的ML估计方法

针对以往利用单个LFM脉冲进行调制斜率估计精度不高的问题,提出了先基于脉冲 积累估计脉冲调制波形,再由调制波形估计调制斜率的方法,并且论证了这种方法是最大似 然（ML）的。仿真结果显示,在10个脉冲、信噪比为0 dB的情况下,该方法可使得调制 斜率估计方差达到克拉美-罗限。     

企业智力资本入股实施研究

知识经济时代,由于智力资本的沉淀成本不可忽略及物质资本的沉淀成本的减少和转移,智力资本参与企业剩余分配的愿望日趋强烈,智力资本入股无疑顺应了时代发展要求。当前,通过智力资本入股参与企业剩余分配,将从"游戏规则"源头上提高劳动所得份额,最根本地激发智力资本创造力,一方面扩大消费需求,消除绝对需求的不足;另一方面,提高有效供给创造性,缓解结构性供求矛盾,并最终促进我国经济向知识和创新驱动模式转型,加快经济发展方式转变。本文对实施智力资本入股必须解决的智力资本量化、智力资本的产权分割、智力资本股东的有限责任承担、智力资本的流动性、企业治理结构重构,以及智力资本入股的实施动力与实施路径选择等相关难点问题进行了较系统的研究。     

完善项目支出预算绩效评价机制的政策建议——基于山东省项目支出预算改革现状的研究

建立公共财政意味着要对形成于计划经济条件下的高度集中的传统管理制度进行改革和创新，其中处于核心地位的则是预算制度的改革和创新。自2000年起，我国实施了部门预算改革试点并得以全面展开。根据国家的统一部署，山东省于2001年推行了项目支出预算改革并取得了显著的成绩。本文拟立足于山东省项目支出预算的改革发展现状，进而提出通过绩效评价机制改革加强预算管理的一些政策建议。     

R&D Spillovers through Student Flows,Institutions, and Economic Growth: What can we Learn from African Countries?

Using modern panel cointegration estimation techniques, this paper examines whether tertiary student flows can effectively transmit technological knowledge from industrialized countries to African countries. The results obtained lend strong support to this hypothesis. In addition, this paper extends the analysis to include institutional variables such as the ease of doing business, legal origins, and religious majority to see if institutional characteristics have any impact on the way knowledge diffusion affecting total factor productivity (TFP). However, it is not clear that institutional differences are important factors that influence the degree of R&D spillovers and, hence, the TFP of African countries.     

Poverty and Inequality Maps in Rural Vietnam: An Application of Small Area Estimation

The objective of the present paper is to estimate poverty and inequality for rural Vietnam at different levels of aggregation by combining the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey from 2006 and the Rural Agriculture and Fishery Census from the same year. Using the small area estimation method, estimates at the regional, provincial and district level are produced, and both expenditure and income based measures are considered. It is found that all provinces across the country have experienced a noticeable reduction in rural poverty during the period 1999–2006. Some of the largest reductions in poverty are observed for provinces with poverty rates close to the national average. The poorest provinces are experiencing reductions in poverty, albeit at a more modest pace. Provinces and districts with a larger poverty reduction in the period 1999–2006 tended to have a lower level of inequality in 2006. Results based on expenditure poverty estimates are found to be very similar to those based on income poverty estimates.     

中国电力价格改革的回顾与反思

电力行业的改革,尤其是电力价格的改革,对经济、社会和人民生活具有广泛而深远的影响.在对我国电价的组成结构和价格水平进行分析的基础上,回顾了改革开放30余年来电力价格改革的思路及其对经济社会发展和人民生活带来的影响,总结了电力价格改革中的经验和教训,旨在对我国未来电力价格及相关行业的改革提供参考.     

改革实验室管理体制的探索及实践

本文分析了现行实验室管理体制所存在的问题。以集中、开放、挖潜为指导思想,提出了设置系属中心实验室的管理体制改革方案及配套措施。通过实验室管理体制改革的实施例,论证了该方案的可行性及其明显成效。