浅谈选煤厂建设投资估算影响因素及改进措施

本文对选煤厂建设工程投资估算中影响准确性的因素进行了分析,并结合BP神经网络理论基于Matlab软件对选煤厂带式输送机及栈桥单位工程进行了数值模拟,通过对比数值模拟结果与概算指标估算结果,详细阐述了可以提高选煤厂建设工程投资估算准确性的几点建议。     

When Will Employees Embrace Managers' Technological Innovations? The Mediating Effects of Employees' Perceptions of Fairness on Their Willingness to Accept Change and its Legitimacy

Innovation researchers have thoroughly discussed how attitudes toward innovation influence people's intentions to use it. Most prior research tried to explore employees' acceptance of technological change through the lens of change initiators; however, using a manager's or the “great man's” perspective to explain change recipients' reaction to an innovation is indirect and peripheral. This paper argues that innovation should be studied directly from the perspective of change recipients, and that their perceptions of fairness in the wake of an innovation become a key factor in their willingness to accept it. More specifically, this paper argues that the recipients' fairness perceptions mediate the impact of innovation characteristics (operationalized as “usefulness” and “ease of use”) and implementation approach on their acceptance and belief in the legitimacy of the innovation. Two studies investigated the hypothesized mediating effects of procedural fairness/outcome fairness. The field study was conducted in a real‐world technological innovation setting, but raised questions about whether the causal effect of the mediating model really existed. The scenario study was conducted in a semi‐experimental condition which had high internal validity and guaranteed the cause–effect relation. Hence, the research design of the two studies complemented each other. The multiple regression analyses using the criteria proposed by Baron and Kenny were used to test the mediating models in the paper. Moreover, both Sobel tests and bootstrapping methods were used to guarantee that the mediating paths do exist among the independent variables, mediators, and the dependent variables. Both the field study and the scenario study showed that most of our hypotheses were supported, and change recipients had strong psychological reactions to the innovation and how the innovation was implemented in terms of fairness perceptions. Change recipients' perception of procedural and outcome fairness mediated the impact of innovation characteristics and implementation approach on their acceptance of the innovation and the perceived legitimacy of the innovation. The results disclosed that the change recipients' fairness perceptions were a key step for their sense‐making process of an innovation and its implementation. The results also indicated that studying change from recipients' perspective, as well as trying to understand their fairness perceptions, can broaden our knowledge about change. Other theoretical and practical implications were also discussed.     

Effects of Firm Size,Financial Leverage and R&D Expenditures on Firm Earnings: An Analysis Using Quantile Regression Approach

As documented in the literature, the effects of firm size, financial leverage, and R&D expenditures on firm earnings are inclusive. Our hypothesis is that the inconsistent empirical results of such effects may be driven by the regression models implemented in data analysis. Using the quantile regression (QR) approach developed by Koenker and Basset (1978), this study analyses S&P 500 firms from 1996 to 2005. We find that the effects of firm size, financial leverage and R&D expenditures on firm earnings differ considerably across earnings quantiles. Comparing the results from the QR approach with those from the ordinary least squares (OLS) and least absolute deviation (LAD) methods, this study further explains the puzzling relationship between firm size, financial leverage, R&D expenditures and firm earnings.     

基于DEA视窗分析的中国环境治理投资效率研究

环境保护投资是解决环境污染问题的重要一环,环境污染治理投资效率的提高对改善我国环境状况,促进经济社会和资源、环境的协调发展有着重要的作用。因此,文章通过构建DEA-CCR模型,对中国2005~2010年各地区工业污染治理投资效率进行DEA视窗分析,研究结果发现:我国大部分地区工业污染治理投资仍然存在着"高投入、低效益"的问题,并且投资效率地区差异呈扩大趋势。最后,提出通过加大环境投资力度、提高环保技术水平、构建地方政府间生态横向转移支付制度等路径,提高我国环境保护投资效率,促进区域经济协调发展。     

黑色系商品价格战的思考

尽管当前黑色系商品在中国市场中依然占据价格优势,但其价格同样会随着市场经济的变化而出现较大幅度波动.在对当前市场中石油、钢铁等黑色系商品价格变动情况进行分析的基础上,深入研究了黑色系商品价格战的影响因素,并以原油为例,提出了打好黑色系商品价格战的对策建议.     

论我国实行强制性环境责任保险制度的可行性——以环境责任保险制度的发展演进为视角

近年来,我国经济的高速发展带来了大量的社会问题,日益严重的环境污染问题就是其中之一。为了治理环境污染,提高污染企业的环境保护意识,我国于20世纪90年代初开始试行环境责任保险,经历了从任意性责任保险到强制性责任保险的发展历程,发展思路和模式也逐渐清晰,当前已经具备构建强制性环境责任保险制度的基本条件。实行强制性环境责任保险与企业社会责任理念相契合,投保环境责任保险是企业承担社会责任的方式之一。近年来我国政府相继出台了一系列推进强制性环境责任保险制度发展的规定,为制度构建奠定了政策基础。2014年4月24日新修订的《环境保护法》第52条明确规定国家鼓励投保环境强制责任保险,为制度构建提供了法律依据。我国在船舶油污损害强制责任保险和交强险方面的立法和实践可以为制度构建提供参考,同时在保险模式选择上可以借鉴西方国家成熟的环境责任保险制度。     

Opening the Black Box of Upper Echelons in China: TMT Attributes and Strategic Flexibility

Many scholars have suggested that strategic flexibility is a critical firm capability to survive in today's competitive arena. The decision to take strategic actions to make the firm more strategically flexible typically originates in the top management team (TMT). As the principal decision‐making unit of the firm, TMT members' information acquisition and processing capabilities and subsequent interpretation of environmental changes critically influence the decision to make the firm more strategically flexible to achieve a better fit with its market environment. Therefore, in order to understand how firms can adapt to environmental changes, scholars must study the sociopsychological processes of interaction among members of the TMT. This study examines the relationships between TMT's sociopsychological attributes (shared vision, social integration, and political ties) and strategic flexibility, which is decomposed into organizational flexibility and technological flexibility. The study further investigates how the level of competitive intensity can moderate the relationships. All the hypotheses are tested using structural equation models based on the survey data from 227 firms in China. The results show that organizational flexibility mediates the impact of TMT's social integration and political ties on technological flexibility. Surprisingly, a TMT's shared vision for the firm neither impedes nor facilitates the firm's effort in attaining the desired degree of organizational flexibility. However, TMT's shared vision does have a positive and direct impact on technological flexibility. Moreover, intense competition amplifies the positive impact of TMT social integration on the degree of organizational flexibility, but there is no significant moderating effect of competitive intensity on the relationship between a TMT's political ties and organizational flexibility. The results extend previous research by highlighting the importance of TMTs' sociopsychological attributes in driving technological flexibility, through the mediating impact of organizational flexibility.     

重化工业城市经济发展转型路径研究——以辽宁省葫芦岛市为例

重化工业城市的转型是当前中国经济发展转型背景下的突出问题。以辽宁省葫芦岛市为例,探讨了重化工业城市的经济发展转型路径,即实现重化工业与现代服务业的耦合发展;在阐述现代服务业内容、现代服务业与重化工业逻辑关系的基础上,具体讨论了重化工业与现代服务业耦合发展的宏观和微观策略。     

高速公路山岭隧道施工班组特征分析

山岭隧道施工具有其自身的特殊性,施工多处于地面以下,技术方案和人员复杂,施工机械种类繁多。同时,隧道工人的建设活动都以施工班组的形式展开,班组管理与工程质量、经济效益、安全稳定都有很大的相关性。因此,分析并掌握隧道施工班组特征,加强隧道班组建设有着十分重要的意义。然而,目前对山岭隧道施工班组特征的认识较为模糊,班组管理措施不够完善,进而导致一些安全问题或质量问题,需要对山岭隧道施工班组的特征加以研究,从而提高山岭隧道施工班组的管理水平。     

政府补贴下考虑企业环保努力的闭环供应链决策分析

在消费者具有环保意识的背景下，分析有无政府补贴时制造商环保努力对各节点企业价格、需求、利润等决策的影响，并进一步探讨补贴在各类最优策略中的作用。研究表明：环保努力能提高两类产品销售价格、扩大新产品需求，但对再制造品需求无影响；存在最优环保努力水平，使无政府补贴下制造商及系统整体利润最大；一定范围内补贴能遏制环保努力导致的再制造品销售价格上升，但对新产品价格无影响，且对零售商来说高补贴未必能带来高收益；消费者环保意识和制造商环保努力可以通过政府补贴影响产品需求和企业收益。