The Composition and Effectiveness of Audit Committees in the Presence of Large Controlling Shareholders

The authors' study of audit committees in 450 large East Asian companies (150 each in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia) finds a strong positive correlation between the “cash flow” ownership (as opposed to just the voting rights) of large shareholders and the percentage of independent audit committee members. The study also reports a strong positive correlation between the “cash flow” ownership of large shareholders and the percentage of audit committee members with financial expertise and experience. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that larger cash flow ownership provides large shareholders with strong incentives for more effective governance. Conversely, the lower percentages of independent or professional audit directors at companies with large disparities between cash ownership and voting rights is consistent with the authors' hypothesis that entrenched large shareholders prefer inferior governance structures that pose fewer obstacles to their tendency to exploit the wealth of minority shareholders. Furthermore, the authors find higher valuations (market‐to‐book ratios) for companies with audit committees that consist entirely of independent directors and have larger percentage of members with financial expertise. And when viewed as a whole, the authors' findings provide support for the argument that ownership structure affects the composition of audit committees, and that independent and professional audit committees can help increase firm value.     

中国法律保留原则的“阶层化保留”体系

中国有关法律保留原则的规定在宪法、立法法、行政处罚法、行政许可法等法规范中都有规定,同时在2004年国务院发布的《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》中也有关于法律保留原则的规定,对于中国有关法律保留原则的法规范和其他相关规定学者从不同角度进行了探讨,有的认为中国有关法律保留原则采用的是侵害保留、有的认为是全面保留,造成这种现象的原因是研究方法造成的,都有一定的合理性。     

城市化视角下的城乡统筹发展研究

统筹城乡发展的战略选择对于解决三农问题有重要意义,而加速城市化,打破城乡二元结构,推进城乡一体化,才是解决三农问题的根本途径。基于此战略选择,构建以农民市民化、农业市场化和基本公共服务均等化建设为主的政策体系,为城乡二元体制的消解和城乡一体化建设提供政策保障。     

基于主成分分析法的油气勘探项目效益研究

为提高勘探投资效益,减少勘探活动的损失,必须对勘探项目进行经济评价,要进行科学合理的评价,必须有一套系统的、科学合理的评价指标体系,它是经济评价是否有效的最基本的保证。本文首先分析了油气勘探项目经济评价指标体系的缺陷,提出了构建指标体系的原则,然后构建了包含经济效益指标、实物量指标及社会效益指标的评价指标体系,提出用主成分分析法对构建的评价指标体系进行综合评价。     

对高校考试管理科学化的思考

考试是评定学生成绩和教学效果的一种方法,是教学过程的重要环节,考试管理则是保证考试的公平性、公正性、促进教学工作顺利开展的关键。考试管理是否科学,将直接关系到考试的作用是否得到充分发挥,是否能真实地反映教与学的水平,因此本文从考务管理过程中多个环节进行探讨。     

AJAX+WMI在大学计算机基础模块化考试软件的应用

在分析AJAX和WMI软件结构的基础上,指出部分C/S结构的软件可以用AJAX+WMI实现为B/S结构的软件,用实际例子给出了实现的部分技术,对基于WEB的软件开发有一定的参考价值。     

The staff-working height and the designing-regulation height for patient beds as possible causes of patient falls

The staff-working height and the designing-regulation height for patient beds used in acute care wards might be possible causes leading to patient falls. Empirical data show the differences among the average height for home beds, staff-working height, and the designing-regulation height for patient beds. This evidence suggests an overlooked cause of patient falls.     

新疆对中亚主要国家农产品出口：比较与促进

本文从贸易规模、产品结构、贸易便利条件和农产品贸易政策等四个方面比较新疆对中亚国家农产品出口的特征,认为新疆与中亚国家农产品贸易存在较大的国别差异,应通过不同的路径来稳定和扩大农产品出口。中国新疆应从加强出口基地建设、调整产品市场定位、开展境外投资以及加强政府间沟通等途径促进对哈萨克斯坦的农产品出口;应通过完善通道建设、开展境外加工以及加强农业技术合作与援助等途径扩大对吉尔吉斯斯坦的农产品出口。     

Socioeconomic status and chronic diseases: The case of hypertension in China

China has undergone a rapid epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic diseases, a process characterized by widespread under-diagnosis of chronic diseases and low rates of treatment and control. This paper uses hypertension as an example and documents the association of socioeconomic status with various measures of this condition, i.e., prevalence, awareness, treatment and control. We find no wealth and education gradients in the prevalence of hypertension. Given education, wealth plays some roles in improving the treatment and control of hypertension. Some associations exist between education and diagnosis/treatment/control in urban areas but not in rural areas. We also find that the public health care services in China contribute little in informing patients of their hypertension status, suggesting that how to improve the effectiveness of the health care system in dealing with emerging chronic illnesses should be policy priority.     

完善少数民族地区连片开发扶贫模式的思考——以“大小凉山彝区”的普格县为例

从国务院推行"连片开发"的扶贫模式以来,全国少数民族贫困地区在实践和探索中,积累了不少经验,但也暴露出不少突出问题。本文以我国最大的连片特困地区之一"大小凉山彝区"的普格县的实地调研为切入点,通过对少数民族地区实施"连片开发"扶贫模式的利弊进行透视,提出完善连片开发扶贫工作的几点建议。