吉林省农用地生态服务功能价值时空演化研究

[目的]该研究从农用地的功能出发,以吉林省9个地市(州)作为研究对象,研究吉林省农用地生态服务功能价值时空演化规律。[方法]运用影子工程法、碳税法、造林成本法和替代法等多种方法测算2005—2015年吉林省农用地的生态服务功能价值,并运用Ar GIS10. 2对2005—2015年吉林省农用地生态服务功能的时空演变进行研究。[结果](1) 2005—2015年辽源市、白山市、四平市、松原市、通化市和延边州等农用地生态服务功能价值分别下降为-24. 33%、-22. 69%、-15. 88%、-12. 53%、-12. 09%、-5. 34%;(2) 2005—2015年白城市、吉林市和长春市农用地生态服务功能价值上升为25. 9%、7. 83%、0. 21%;(3) 2005—2015年吉林省林地和耕地的生态服务功能价值大于草地和水域的生态服务功能价值。[结论] 2005—2015年吉林省农用地生态服务功能价值存在着空间差异,呈现东高西低之势,究其原因是因为吉林省东部地区为低山丘陵地带,林地、水域面积大,生态环境保护比较好,而中西部地区为松辽平原,耕地面积较大,林地和草地面积较小,且伴随经济发展,城市发展不断蚕食农用地,使得农用地面积减少所致。研究结果旨在为保护生态环境、完善农用地价值补偿制度、保护农用地等方面政策的制定提供理论依据。     

Assessing the Reliability of Self‐reported Income Information in Informal Small Business Lending through a Bogus Pipeline Experiment

Coping with asymmetric information plays a major role in successful small business lending. Our purpose is to determine if small business applicants report their income information correctly when requesting a loan. We use a randomised controlled trial bogus pipeline experiment, established during a typical cash‐flow analysis of a bank for small businesses in the Philippines. The bogus pipeline approach is commonly applied in social science and aims to increase the rate of truth telling by informing participants that answers will be verified by a lie detector. The experimental data, which include 243 observations of credit clients that are mainly from the agricultural and food value chain, served to identify asymmetric information. Additionally, debtors’ repayment behaviour for approved loans was observed by the bank. Our results indicate that loan applicants of the treatment group report lower incomes, an effect which is most pronounced in lower income quantile. Our analyses also reveal higher loan delinquencies in the control group.     

Sin sectors and negative screening

In this research, I analyse how exposure to sin sectors impacts the financial performance of socially responsible (SR) funds. I also analyse the question of whether or not these funds keep their word and are less exposed to the controversial sectors that they claim to exclude in their prospectuses. Additionally, I analyse how local political and religious factors exert an influence on the exposure of SR funds to sin sectors. Consequently, I analyse a sample comprising 136 SR mutual funds that were domiciled in the U.S. market in the period March 2017–April 2020 and who invest in domestic and global equity, of which 92 implement negative screens on at least 1 of 12 controversial activities. My results show that for seven (three) of the controversial sectors that were analysed, the exposure of SR funds to these sectors jeopardises (improves) their financial performance. Furthermore, SR mutual funds who perform negative screens tend to live up to their name and are less exposed to the sector/s that they claim to exclude. In addition, SR mutual funds managed by companies located in Democrat-leaning states are less exposed to sin sectors, and that the effect of local religiosity depends on the specific sector analysed.     

A global approach to the analysis of user behavior in mobile payment systems in the new electronic environment

Mobile devices and social media have led to a profound revolution of modern society, obliging many companies to reorient their sales systems towards more successful commercial formats (mobile commerce and social commerce). The mobile payment, for instance, as an emerging and supplementary service to these new commercial formats, is now undergoing the adoption process. Mobile payment has long been discussed, but it has not yet reached the usage levels expected by the different mass market players (financial institutions, telephone operators, etc.) in Western societies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze users’ acceptance of mobile payment systems on social networks. In order to explain acceptance, we have integrated trust and perceived risk into the traditional TAM model. To complete this study, we have established the decisive factors of this payment system by analyzing user’s gender, age and experience level. The study was conducted through an online survey among a national panel composed by 2.012 social network users. The results of this research support previous studies and provide alternatives for companies to consolidate this new business model by means of the new technical developments.     

Displaying expected values in risk elicitation tasks: the effect of information in experimental risk research

We investigate the influence of providing expected lottery results to experiment participants in two common risk attitude elicitation tasks. In a between-subject design, either the Holt and Laury task or the Eckel and Grossman task is carried out by a sample of 208 students. We find no significant effect of shown expected values on the risk attitude measured by the tasks. This result even holds true if we divide the experiment participants into specific sub-groups, i.e. female and male, or lower numeracy and higher numeracy participants. Furthermore, comprehension and processing time are not significantly influenced by presented expected values. Therefore, we conclude that providing information on expected values does not influence decision-making in tasks involving risk. This result indicates the robustness of elicited risk attitudes to variation in common experimental methods, and demonstrates that more information could be provided without creating bias in the results.     

How the Internet Promotes China's Exports: A Firm‐level Perspective

The development of information and communications technology (ICT), particularly the Internet, has reduced trade costs. However, it remains unclear whether these reduced costs are reflected in the “extensive margins” of firms’ exports (which refer to the probability of firms exporting) or the “intensive margins” (which refer to the value of firms’ export). To test this, we used the concepts of information cost and binary margins, an augmented trade model of firm heterogeneity, a two‐stage Heckman estimation, and data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey of Chinese firms in 2012. The results revealed that reduced trade costs from the use of ICT were positively related to extensive margins but that the connection with intensive margins was not significant. The results lead to the conclusion that reduced information costs related to a firm's exporting behavior were primarily reflected in variable trade costs. This study offers theoretical and empirical evidence for China's policies towards the Internet, which are relevant for the export of manufactured goods. The government should encourage the use of ICT to enhance firms’ export opportunities while facing current trade policy uncertainty.     

Packs,Troops and Herds: Prosocial Cooperatives and Innovation in the New Normal

Prosocial organizations are emerging to tackle the effects of a New Normal. As they navigate its fragile and liquid institutional membranes, they prioritize cooperative forms of governance. These forms allow for collaboration and democratic decision-making necessary for the development of innovative solutions in this new context. At the same time, the high coordination costs of cooperatives lead to significant market pressures. Therefore, understanding when and under what conditions these new cooperatives innovate and strive is important as it provides insight into whether and how these ventures can become a viable alternative in this changing landscape. Using configurational analyses of organizational enablers leading to innovation in 40 entrepreneurial cooperatives, we identify three approaches: Attentive Pack, Eclectic Troop, and Wandering Herd, showing that innovative outcomes can indeed emerge under traditional cooperative features emphasizing collectivism. However, the pursuit of higher novelty requires a shift to more individualistic, business-as-usual, approaches. The New Normal does indeed enhance entrepreneurial activity, but of a different kind comprising novel sets of antecedents and outcomes, which we show can easily become the new dominant form of venturing required in this new context.     

提升企业管理创新促进企业良性发展

创新已经越来越成为企业竞争发展的主流.文章阐述了企业管理创新的基本概念和特征,并论述了管理创新对企业生存和发展的作用,最后分析了企业管理创新的主要途径.     

竞争情报对企业发展作用的探究

竞争情报是现代企业在新经济中谋求发展的重要手段,文章首先解释了竞争情报的概念并耀明了企业竞争情报的特征,然后全面地论述了竞争情报对企业生存和发展的作用,最后较详尽地分析了企业获取竞争情报的主要途径.     

提升企业管理创新 促进企业良性发展

创新已经越来越成为企业竞争发展的主流。文章阐述了企业管理创新的基本概念和特征,并论述了管理创新对企业生存和发展的作用,最后分析了企业管理创新的主要途径。