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141.
This paper argues that the skills shortage in the Irish software industry is socially produced by a range of domestic factors, especially the education and training system. It also contends that immigration reinforces rather than resolves skills shortages. 相似文献
142.
143.
Cheating in Contests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Much of the interest in the study of sports from the perspectiveof an economist lies in the empirical application of contestsas efficient mechanisms for eliciting effort. Contestants respondto contest incentives, and these incentives include the incentiveto cheat. This paper discusses different forms of cheating:sabotage, doping, and match fixing. The paper discusses howthese forms of cheating arise and how they can be treated. Inparticular, we look at specific forms of cheating in soccer,baseball, and cricket. In the appendix we develop a simple modelof match fixing. 相似文献
144.
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146.
New Source Review (NSR) is a Clean Air Act regulation that requires electric utilities to meet emission standards when making
modifications to existing power plants. The regulation increases the cost of replacing worn out parts, and limits the firm’s
scope of potential capital investments. Such restrictions may lead to greater retirements and lower utilization, adversely
affecting profits. Prior to the 2000 presidential election, investors expected Bush to have a narrower interpretation of NSR
than Gore. Therefore, we use changes in stock prices to estimate the effect on profits of differences in NSR policy. Our results
indicate that investors expected the average boiler to be $38 million more valuable under the Bush administration. Over the
boilers’ lifetimes, the additional utilization will have increased emissions by 19 million tons of sulfur dioxide, 5.9 million
tons of nitrogen oxides and 980 million tons of carbon dioxide, relative to natural gas generation.
相似文献
147.
This article presents an analysis of UK legislation on the retention of communications data that was introduced in the aftermath of the attacks of September 11, 2001. It presents a review of the discourses surrounding this legislation in parliament, in the wider international policy arena, in business and in terms of technology. The review of these discourses demonstrates that, in understanding policies involving a significant technological component such as communications data retention, policy alternatives may be evaluated only with an appreciation of technological characteristics alongside the traditional concerns of legislators, civil society and the business community. While academia has developed many forms of analysis for political, international, and regulatory discourses, the same must be undertaken for technological discourse, i.e. the interactions between the policies in question, the actors, and the technologies. Developing forms of analysis for technological discourses will likely lead to further understanding of both the policy problem and the actors’ interests. The paper also shows how current institutions are slowly developing the necessary skills to incorporate the technological aspects of policy into political debate, and calls for a similar development for the law. 相似文献
148.
Ian M. Dobbs 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2006,13(1):83-109
The EU is gradually systematizing its approach to ex ante regulation (notably with the publication of the recent regulatory framework for Electronic communications). Market definition is viewed as an essential first step in this, with the ‘Hypothetical Monopoly Test’ a useful conceptual tool for use in the assessment. This paper examines the use of this test for market definition when there are several differentiated goods or services under consideration. It sets out an analytic framework, discusses the pros and cons of using the test and illustrates its use in a Telecom context. 相似文献
149.
Sarah J. Stein Campbell J. McRobbie Ian S. Ginns 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2001,11(3):239-261
This paper reports on the needs identified by three teachers during an investigation into their first experiences of implementing
technology in their primary classrooms. One part of one teacher's case is presented in detail to illustrate that the meanings
the teachers made of their experiences were related very closely to their beliefs about teaching and learning, to their understanding
of technology as a phenomenon and to the place they saw technology having within the whole curriculum. One particular outcome
of the investigation was that the teachers experienced a lack of knowledge of the scope and breadth of the technology learning
area, and as a consequence, faced challenges in planning for the successful implementation of activities. In response to this
particular need and to the many issues emanating from current research literature in technology education, the paper then
presents two models for conceptualizing and planning units of work in technology in primary classrooms. The models form frameworks
that may be useful to help structure thinking for authentic classroom planning and sequencing of lessons or learning experiences.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
150.
The historiographies of Mexico and Brazil have implicitly statedthat business networks were crucial for the initial industrializationof these two countries. Recently, differing visions on the importanceof business networks have arisen. In the case of Mexico, theliterature argues that entrepreneurs relied heavily on an informalinstitutional structure to obtain necessary resources and information.In contrast, the recent historiography of Brazil suggests thatafter 1890 the network of corporate relations became less importantfor entrepreneurs trying to obtain capital and concessions,once the institutions promoted financial markets and easy entryfor new businesses. Did entrepreneurs in Brazil and Mexico organizetheir networks differently to deal with the different institutionalsettings? We examine whether in Mexico businessmen relied moreon networks of interlocking boards of directors and other informalarrangements to do business than in Brazil. Our hypothesis isconfirmed by three related results: (1) the total number ofconnections (i.e., the density of the network) was higher inMexico than Brazil; (2) in Mexico, there was one dense corenetwork, while in Brazil we find fairly dispersed clusters ofcorporate board interlocks; and most importantly, (3) politiciansplayed a more important role in the Mexican network of corporatedirectors than their counterparts in Brazil. Interestingly,even though Brazil and Mexico relied on very different institutionalstructures, both countries had similar rates of growth between1890 and 1913. However, the dense and exclusive Mexican networkmight have ended up increasing the social and political tensionsthat led to the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920). 相似文献