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51.
世贸组织决策机制的公平性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
胡北平 《广东金融学院学报》2003,18(6):63-66
WTO与IMF和世界银行不同,"一成员一票"制度只是在名义上给予发展中国家以平等的表决权,WTO的决策机制仍然缺乏应有的公平性.因此发展中国家需要提出针对性措施,以完善WTO的决策程序. 相似文献
52.
氧化微晶蜡生产的技术经济分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
简要介绍了微晶蜡氧化工艺及氧化微晶蜡产品特点,并对其进行了初步经济评价,同时对氧化微晶蜡下游产品如防锈蜡,乳化蜡及塑料润滑用蜡等进行了市场分析,最后给出了氧化微晶蜡下游产品生产的若干建议。 相似文献
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Theoretical studies have shown that under unorthodox assumptions on preferences and production technologies, collateral constraints can act as a powerful amplification and propagation mechanism of exogenous shocks. We investigate whether or not this result holds under more standard assumptions. We find that collateral constraints typically generate small output amplification. Large amplification is obtained as a “knife‐edge” type of result. 相似文献
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人类对自身基因组的研究不断发展,已从结构基因组学转向功能基因组学阶段。本文概述了人类后基因组的研究内容及进展状况。 相似文献
56.
2004年5月,中小企业板在深交所获准设立,一时间,围绕中小企业板对创业投资运作影响的讨论空前热烈。笔者认为,要研究中小企业板对创业投资的影响,就必须从创业板和创业投资的内在机理出发,来研究中小企业板的制度安排是否能保证二者形成良性互动,关键的就是要研究中小企业板在制度上离一个成熟的创业板有多远。目前,学者和业内人士普遍对中小企业板的作用不甚乐观,而近一年来的实践也似乎验证了这一观点,因此,加强中小企业板的制度建设,使之尽快过渡为创业板,已经成了管理者的当务之急。 相似文献
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The margin system is the first line of defense against the default risk of a clearinghouse. From the perspectives of a clearinghouse, the utmost concern is to have a prudential system to control the default exposure. Once the level of prudentiality is set, the next concern will be the opportunity cost of the investors, because high opportunity cost discourages people from hedging futures, and thus defeats the function of a futures market. In this article, we first develop different measures of prudentiality and opportunity cost. We then formulate a statistical framework to evaluate different margin‐setting methodologies, all of which strike a balance between prudentiality and opportunity cost. Three margin‐setting methodologies, namely, (1) using simple moving averages; (2) using exponentially weighted moving averages; (3) using a GARCH approach, are applied to the Hang Seng Index futures. Keeping the same prudentiality level, it is shown that the one using a GARCH approach by and large gives the lowest average overcharge. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:117–145, 2004 相似文献
59.
This article uses a nonparametric test based on the arc‐sine law (see, e.g., Feller, 1965 ), which involves comparing the theoretical distribution implied by an intraday random walk with the empirical frequency distribution of the daily high/low times, in order to address the question of whether the abandonment of pit trading has been associated with greater market efficiency. If market inefficiencies result from flaws in the market microstructure of pit trading, they ought to have been eliminated by the introduction of screen trading. If, on the other hand, the inefficiencies are a reflection of investor psychology, they are likely to have survived, unaffected by the changeover. We focus here on four cases. Both the FTSE‐100 and CAC‐40 index futures contracts were originally traded by open outcry and have moved over to electronic trading in recent years, so that we are able to compare pricing behavior before and after the changeover. The equivalent contracts in Germany and Korea, on the other hand, have been traded electronically ever since their inception. Our results overwhelmingly reject the random‐walk hypothesis both for open‐outcry and electronic‐trading data sets, suggesting there has been no increase in efficiency as a result of the introduction of screen trading. One possible explanation consistent with our results would be that the index futures market is characterized by intraday overreaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:337–357, 2004 相似文献
60.
This article analyzes the effects of the length of hedging horizon on the optimal hedge ratio and hedging effectiveness using 9 different hedging horizons and 25 different commodities. We discuss the concept of short‐ and long‐run hedge ratios and propose a technique to simultaneously estimate them. The empirical results indicate that the short‐run hedge ratios are significantly less than 1 and increase with the length of hedging horizon. We also find that hedging effectiveness increases with the length of hedging horizon. However, the long‐run hedge ratio is found to be close to the naïve hedge ratio of unity. This implies that, if the hedging horizon is long, then the naïve hedge ratio is close to the optimum hedge ratio. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:359–386, 2004 相似文献