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11.
Jaerim Choi 《Review of International Economics》2019,27(4):1199-1233
Conventional international trade theory predicts that bilateral offshoring flows will be highest when two countries have very different relative factor endowments. In contrast, the new trade theory contends that offshoring is more likely to exist when countries’ relative factor endowments are similar. This paper empirically tests the relationship between offshoring and relative factor endowments, measured by the skill overlap index between two countries and finds evidence that there is an inverted U‐shape relationship. Our empirical results predict that the rise in educational attainment in China will motivate U.S. multinationals to send their tasks to China in the short run; over the long run, however, U.S. multinationals will have fewer incentives to send their tasks to China. This finding sheds new light on the current trade tensions between the United States and China and has implications for trade policy. 相似文献
12.
Jungmin Choi 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2017,21(2):281-296
We investigate the valuation problem of variable annuities with guaranteed lifelong/lifetime withdrawal benefit (GLWB) options, which give the policyholder the right to withdraw a specified amount as long as he or she lives, regardless of the performance of the investment. We assume the static approach that the policyholder’s withdrawal rate is a constant throughout the life of the contract. We apply the principle of equivalent utility to find the indifference price for a variable annuity with a GLWB contract with an equity-indexed death benefit. Using an exponential utility function, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) type partial differential equations (PDEs) are derived for the pricing functions. We first assume the mortality is deterministic, and the pricing PDE is solved numerically using a finite difference method. The effects of various parameters are investigated, including the age at inception of the policyholder, withdrawal rate, risk-free rate, and volatility of the underlying asset. We also consider a roll-up option and analyze the effect of delaying the start of the withdrawals. Another pricing PDE is derived with a stochastic mortality, when the force of mortality is modeled with a stochastic differential equation. A finite difference method is used again to solve the pricing PDE numerically, and the sensitivities of the GLWB contracts with respect to the withdrawal rate and the risk-free rate are explored. 相似文献
13.
14.
Forecasts of values at risk (VaRs) are made for volatility indices such as the VIX for the US S&P 500 index, the VKOSPI for the KOSPI (Korea Stock Price Index) and the OVX (oil volatility index) for crude oil funds, which is the first in the literature. In the forecasts, dominant features of the volatility indices are addressed: long memory, conditional heteroscedasticity, asymmetry and fat-tails. An out-of-sample comparison of the VaR forecasts is made in terms of violation probabilities, showing better performance of the proposed method than several competing methods which consider the features differently from ours. The proposed method is composed of heterogeneous autoregressive model for the mean, GARCH model for the volatility and skew-t distribution for the error. 相似文献
15.
Gunae Choi 《International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration》2013,14(4):281-312
With the traditional research-based view approach to entry mode that examines the firm's strategies from its resource endowment and deployment (i.e., an inside-out view of the firm), which is different from the earlier paradigms (i.e., an outside-in view of the firm), this article investigates intangibles at the firm level and their impact on the choice of foreign-market entry mode to understand how to create value overseas. From the multinomial logistic regression analyses with data collected from the lodging industry between 1995 and 2005, the results of this study suggest that as marketing capital increases, entry mode seems to move from acquisition to joint venture to greenfield to contractual modes. In the case of employee efficiency, as human capital increases entry mode tends to move from joint venture to acquisition to greenfield to contractual modes, whereas in the case of top managers' efficiency, entry mode tends to move from joint venture to acquisition to contractual mode to greenfield, respectively. 相似文献
16.
One of the most widely used option valuation models among practitioners is the ad hoc Black–Scholes (AHBS) model. The main contribution of this study is methodological. We carefully consider two rollover strategies (nearest‐to‐next strategy and next‐to‐next) used in the AHBS model to investigate their effect on pricing errors. We suggest a new rollover strategy, next‐to‐next strategy, and demonstrate that our rollover strategy produces more consistent estimates between in‐sample market and model option prices. Probably even more important is that our new rollover strategy makes more accurate out‐of‐sample forecasts for 1‐day or 1‐week ahead prices. Prior literature has documented some anomalies associated with the use of AHBS model, for example, an overfitting problem. A secondary contribution is that our new rollover strategy does not suffer from this overfitting critique. Third, this study uses the mean square error for out‐of‐sample pricing and price changes to determine how the options investors are influenced by moneyness. The results indicate that underpricing (or overpricing) by the AHBS model for the near‐the‐money category is more likely to be maintained for the next several trading days but that such a phenomenon is disappeared for the deep out‐of‐the‐money category. Finally, we suggest the ratio of the number of option contracts to differences in strike prices available for trading between the current day and the previous day(s) as a good categorizing factor for options, such as moneyness. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 相似文献
17.
E. Kwan Choi 《The Japanese Economic Review》2001,52(4):405-416
This paper investigates the effects of population growth and China's entry into the world trading regime on the North and the South. In the absence of the terms of trade effect, population growth reduces the standard of living and causes a decline in welfare. Unilateral trade liberalization of China will worsen the terms of trade for other countries in the South, but will improve those for the North. Thus, population control is an important means to close the gap in per capita income between developing and developed economies. Trade liberalization by developing countries may not necessarily induce income convergence. JEL Classification Number: F1. 相似文献
18.
Jongmoo Jay Choi Connie X. Mao Arun D. Upadhyay 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2013,40(1-2):239-271
This paper examines the financial and operational hedging activities of US pharmaceutical and biotech firms that are subject to a high level of information asymmetry stemming from R&D investments during 2001–2006. We find evidence in support of the information asymmetry hypothesis à la Froot, Scharfstein and Stein (1993) that hedging helps mitigate the under‐investment problem. Specifically, we find that the use of financial derivatives is associated with greater firm value and that the value enhancement is larger for firms subject to greater information asymmetry and better growth opportunities. There is a synergy between financial hedging and operational hedging where the latter is used to counter product development risk. The results are robust with respect to alternative performance measures, industry‐specific growth measures, and the endogeneity problem. Our work is differentiated from existing studies that examined commodity‐based industries without addressing information asymmetry. 相似文献
19.
Hung-Wen Yeh Byron J. Gajewski David G. Perdue Angel Cully Lance Cully K. Allen Greiner Won S. Choi Christine Makosy Daley 《Quality and Quantity》2014,48(5):2569-2587
We discuss a mixed methodology for analyzing pile sorting data. We created a list of 14 barriers to colon cancer screening and recruited 18, 13, and 14 participants from three American Indian (AI) communities to perform pile sorting. Quantitative data were analyzed by cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Differences across sites were compared using permutation bootstrapping. Qualitative data collected during sorting were compiled by AI staff members who determined names for the clusters found in quantitative analysis. Results showed five clusters of barriers in each site although barriers in the clusters varied slightly across sites. Simulation demonstrated type I error rates around the nominal 0.05 level whereas power depended on the numbers of clusters, and between and within cluster variability. 相似文献
20.
This study examines the effect of users' prior experience on the adoption behaviour in the Internet protocol television (IP TV) service domains. This article proposes a new acceptance model for an IP TV service considering the moderating effect of experience and verifies the model with an empirical study. Respondents are classified into either experienced or inexperienced groups according to their prior experience with the IP TV service. The results indicate that motivational factors used in our study affect behavioural intention. In addition, this study shows that the influence of extrinsic motivational factors on the behavioural intention are stronger for the experienced group than the inexperienced group and the influence of intrinsic motivational factors on the behavioural intention are stronger for the inexperienced group than the experienced group. This article concludes with study implications, as well as limitations and future research directions. 相似文献