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61.
We examine the effects of the short‐selling ban, imposed by Australian regulators in the wake of the global financial crisis, on the trading of financial stocks. Our findings argue against commonly stated reasons for imposing short‐sale bans. We find no evidence that short‐sale restrictions provide support for stock prices or that they reduce volatility. Moreover, stocks subject to the short‐selling ban suffered a severe degradation in market quality. Controlling for the adverse effects of the financial crisis on markets, we show that short‐selling restrictions increase intraday volatility, reduce trading activity and increase bid–ask spreads. 相似文献
62.
Julia Vadimovna Nikolaeva Natalia Mikhailovna Bogoliubova Sergey Sergeevich Shirin 《旅游业当前问题》2018,21(5):547-566
The article deals with the problems of ecological tourism in Russia. The authors give various approaches to the understanding of ecological tourism in modern science, analyse the reasons of interest in this kind of tourism, consider its types and identify specific features. The article provides an overview of the main regions and countries where ecological tourism is developed at a high level and considers some national policy models in the field of ecological tourism. Specific attention is paid to the analysis of the development of ecological tourism in Russia and its current status; the examples of different programmes aiming at support of ecological tourism are given. Specific impetus is given to Russia's resources for the development of ecological tourism, for example, natural landscapes, national parks and nature heritage sites. The authors explore the main challenges to ecological tourism in Russia, identify factors that hinder its development and suggest measures to improve the ecological tourism in the Russian Federation. The authors focus on the projects that promote the improvement of Russia's image as an eco-touristic destination. The authors pay specific attention to the analysis of international cooperation in this field. The article discusses various projects carried out within the framework of bilateral cooperation. The article discusses the role of ecological tourism as a tool for image policy. The article analyses in detail which elements of the Russian image are under the influence of ecological tourism and what are the future prospects of ecological tourism. 相似文献
63.
Julia E. Carins Sharyn R. Rundle-Thiele Justin J. T. Fidock 《Journal of Marketing Management》2016,32(11-12):1083-1102
ABSTRACTThe purpose of formative research in social marketing is to understand the target audience to generate consumer insight, which informs the planning, development and initial implementation of social marketing programmes. Focus groups, interviews or surveys, all of which are self-report methods, are the most commonly reported methods employed in formative research. Reliance on a relatively narrow range of methods may constrain understanding and insight gained during formative research. This paper challenges social marketers to mix methods or use multiple methods and research perspectives to generate a broader understanding of the consumer and the context in which they behave. A case study is used to demonstrate how mixed methods were used in a formative research study to inform the development of a social marketing programme designed to change eating behaviour. Challenges of mixed methods are detailed along with recommendations for future research. 相似文献
64.
65.
For the insurance industry the moral hazard poses an incalculable risk. Changes in the behaviour of the insuree can lead to higher claims settlements and thus to higher premiums for the insured collective. Asymmetrically allocated information gives the insured individual the possibility to profit from the idea of common protection in a way that impairs insurer and the collective on the whole. Based on the homo oeconomicus model, economic concepts, first and foremost the agency theory of new institutional economics have made attempts to provide solutions for this management problem. However, behavioural economic experiments have demonstrated that the homo oeconomicus model does not fully succeed in describing the realities. As a result, the solutions proposed in these economic concepts have to be rated inadequate.The moral hazard is inherent in the conflicting realm of cooperation and defection, behaviour patterns that have evolved during the history of development of human behaviour. Ultimate behaviour analyses of these patterns do offer the opportunity to understand why humans behave in specific ways based on man's evolutionary origins and sources. Consequently, ultimate behaviour analyses could provide a solid foundation for the development of a framework giving insurers the possibility to exert influence on the insuree's behaviour and thus to assist in successfully impacting the moral hazard. 相似文献
66.
In this paper we analyse the source and magnitude of marketing gains from selling structured debt securities at yields that reflect only their credit ratings, or specifically at yields on equivalently rated corporate bonds. We distinguish between credit ratings that are based on probabilities of default and ratings that are based on expected default losses. We show that subdividing a bond issued against given collateral into subordinated tranches can yield significant profits under the hypothesised pricing system. Increasing the systematic risk or reducing the total risk of the bond collateral increases the profits further. The marketing gain is generally increasing in the number of tranches and decreasing in the rating of the lowest rated tranche. 相似文献
67.
Julia Koralun-Bereźnicka 《Applied economics letters》2018,25(18):1319-1322
The study aims at verifying whether the firm size and debt maturity affect the relationship between capital structure and its main determinants. Using panel data models, the impact of the primary factors on leverage is compared across three size groups of firms and for different measures of debt in order to identify the size effect and the debt maturity effect in these relationships. The study covers 11 EU countries during the period 2000–2013. Findings provide evidence that financing choices of small firms provide more support for the pecking-order theory, whereas medium and large-sized firms tend to follow the trade-off predictions on leverage. It also appears that the trade-off theory is more applicable for short-term debt, while pecking order – for long-term debt. 相似文献
68.
Julia Paletta Crespo 《商场现代化》2010,(34)
<正>一、简介20世纪70年代能源危机之后,人们开始更加关注所谓"能源安全"的概念以防能源供应的中断。从那以后,廉价石油的时代结束了,人们必须考虑到多种变化因素以确保长期的石油供应。从需求角度讲,能源需求(尤其是石油)将不断增长。从供应商角度讲,石油资源仅贮于很少一部分国家(尤其是中东国家)会引发使用"石油武器"的潜在威胁。而且,高额的石油价格也使得非传统石油能源在能源市场占有一席之地。 相似文献
69.
A Critical Review of Centrality Measures in Social Networks 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Andrea Landherr Bettina Friedl Julia Heidemann 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2010,2(6):371-385
Social networks are currently gaining increasing impact in the light of the ongoing growth of web-based services like facebook.com.
One major challenge for the economically successful implementation of selected management activities such as viral marketing
is the identification of key persons with an outstanding structural position within the network. For this purpose, social
network analysis provides a lot of measures for quantifying a member’s interconnectedness within social networks. In this
context, our paper shows the state of the art with regard to centrality measures for social networks. Due to strongly differing
results with respect to the quality of different centrality measures, this paper also aims at illustrating the tremendous
importance of a reflected utilization of existing centrality measures. For this purpose, the paper analyzes five centrality
measures commonly discussed in literature on the basis of three simple requirements for the behavior of centrality measures. 相似文献
70.
Katja Hutter Julia Hautz Johann Füller Kurt Matzler Andrea Mayr 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2010,27(4):26-35
Onlinebasierte Ideenwettbewerbe mit Web 2.0-Funktionalit?ten bieten neue innovative M?glichkeiten im Online Marketing. Sie tragen dazu bei, die Bekanntheit und positive Wahrnehmung einer Marke in der ?ffentlichkeit zu st?rken. Konsumenten setzen
sich intensiver mit einer Marke auseinander, was schlie?lich zu einer st?rkeren Identifikation mit der Marke und Bindung führt.
Auch Swarovski, dem Kristall-Weltmarktführer, gelang durch diese Einbindung von Konsumenten der Erfolg. 相似文献