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961.
This paper contributes to the discussion on the European current account imbalances by analysing the intra-European trends
since 1990 based on the theory of optimum currency areas. The authors show that German unification was the origin of not only
the 1992–93 EMS crisis but also rising intra-European current account imbalances since 1999 that led to the European debt
crisis. They argue that a reduced German current account surplus is in the interest of German taxpayers to contain financial
risk, but that it would also impose austerity on the rest of Europe unless money supply expands even further. 相似文献
962.
In light of the shortcomings of the Stability and Growth Pact, there has been a recognition that a surveillance framework
is needed which goes beyond fiscal issues to cover wider macroeconomic factors. The question arises whether the surveillance
and connected reform criteria should be applied symmetrically, to all members of the eurozone, or whether they should specifically
target countries with current account deficits. 相似文献
963.
Antonio Argandoña 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,99(1):77-85
The traditional theories of the firm leave no room for love in business organizations, perhaps because it is thought that
love is only an emotion or feeling, not a virtue, or because economic efficiency and profit making are considered to be incompatible
with the practice of charity or love. In this article, we show based on an approach to the human action within the organization,
that love can and must be lived in firms for firms to operate efficiently, be attractive to those who take part in them, and
act consistently in the long run. 相似文献
964.
965.
The Encyclical-Letter Caritas in Veritate by Pope Benedict XVI suggests to advance towards a new conceptualization of the tenuous relationship between economics and
ethics, proposing a “new humanistic synthesis.” Where social encyclicals have traditionally justified policy proposals by natural law and theological reasoning alone,
Caritas in Veritate gives great relevance to economic arguments. The encyclical defines the framework for a new business ethics which appreciates
allocative and distributive efficiency, and thus both markets and institutions as improving the human condition, but locates
their source and reason outside the economic sphere. It places a clear accent on the ontological connectedness of the economic
and ethical dimensions of human action. It is the proper ordering of means towards the end of integral human development that
allows mankind to leave a vicious circle of consumerism and enter a virtuous circle that applies the creativity fostered by
markets. This vision implies a new model of business management that integrates considerations of vocation, purpose, and values
at a theological level. 相似文献
966.
Jodie L. Ferguson Pam Scholder Ellen Gabriela Herrera Piscopo 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(2):331-349
Times of crisis bring about increased demands on businesses as shortages, or unexpected but significant, business costs are
encountered. Passing on such costs to consumers is a challenge. When faced with a retail price increase, consumers may rely
on cues as to the motive behind the increase. Such cues can raise suspicion of alternative motive (e.g., taking advantage
of the consumer) affecting consumers’ judgments of price fairness. This research investigates two triggers of suspicion: salience
of alternative motives, and behavior judged to be out-of-character for the business. Results of the two studies within crisis
contexts indicate that suspicion is created when alternative motives are salient and when a retailer acts out-of-character.
Multiple group analyses revealed that suspicion induced negative affect and subsequent perceptions of price fairness. When
suspicion was present, more negative feelings toward the retailer and judgments of price unfairness resulted. 相似文献
967.
Ned Dobos 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(2):273-279
Libertarianism and the shareholder model of corporate responsibility have long been thought of as natural bedfellows. In a
recent contribution to the Journal of Business Ethics, Brian Schaefer goes so far as to suggest that a proponent of shareholder theory cannot coherently and consistently embrace
any moral position other than philosophical libertarianism. The view that managers have a fiduciary obligation to advance the interests of shareholders
exclusively is depicted as fundamentally incompatible with the acknowledgement of natural positive duties – duties to aid
others that have not been acquired by some prior commitment or transaction. I argue that Schaefer is mistaken. Positive duties
are incompatible with the shareholder model only if we must contribute to their fulfilment in the corporate context; only if we have some reason to think that it is not possible or
not permissible to discharge these obligations entirely in our private lives or through our various other roles and capacities.
But we have no good reason to accept this. I argue that individuals are presumptively free to decide how and when to discharge
their positive duties, and that buying shares does not cause this presumption to lapse. Hence a non-libertarian moral theory
can be held without incoherence by a proponent of the shareholder model. 相似文献
968.
Patrick M. Erwin 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,99(4):535-548
Corporate codes of conduct are a practical corporate social responsibility (CSR) instrument commonly used to govern employee
behavior and establish a socially responsible organizational culture. The effectiveness of these codes has been widely discussed
on theoretical grounds and empirically tested in numerous previous reports that directly compare companies with and without
codes of conduct. Empirical research has yielded inconsistent results that may be explained by multiple ancillary factors,
including the quality of code content and implementation, which are excluded from analyses based solely on the presence or
absence of codes. This study investigated the importance of code content in determining code effectiveness by examining the
relationship between code of conduct quality and ethical performance. Companies maintaining high quality codes of conduct
were significantly more represented among top CSR ranking systems for corporate citizenship, sustainability, ethical behavior,
and public perception. Further, a significant relationship was observed between code quality and CSR performance, across a
full range of ethical rankings. These findings suggest code quality may play a crucial role in the effectiveness of codes
of conduct and their ability to transform organizational cultures. Future research efforts should transcend traditional comparisons
based on the presence or absence of ethical codes and begin to examine the essential factors leading to the effective establishment
of CSR policies and sustainable business practices in corporate culture. 相似文献
969.
This study examines the moderating effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the association between market orientation
and firm performance in the context of an emerging economy. The results from a sample of firms that operate in Dubai indicate
that CSR has a synergistic effect on the impact of market orientation on business performance. The results of our research
on the moderating effects of CSR on market orientation subsets reveal that although CSR moderates the association between
customer orientation and business performance, it does not moderate the association between competitive orientation and inter-functional
coordination and performance. The results of this study are discussed, and implications for practitioners and researchers
are presented. 相似文献
970.