Distributional Impact of Government Outlays on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in 2001–02

In recent years outlays on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme have increased rapidly, prompting both attempts by government to reduce growth in outlays and renewed interest in the characteristics of the beneficiaries of the Scheme. This article uses a microsimulation model to analyse the distributional impact of Australian Government outlays on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, by such characteristics as family income, family type, age, sex and lifecycle group. We find that there are pronounced distributional effects by such characteristics as income, age and sex, with both older and poorer Australians receiving far greater PBS benefits than younger and more affluent Australians.     

煤炭企业改革面临的主要问题及其对策

结合煤炭企业改革实际,就改革中存在的企业历史包袱、富余职工、企业办社会、资金欠账、体制等方面问题进行探讨,提出相应的对策及建议.     

机载有源相控阵火控雷达发展现状及趋势

概述了世界各国机载有源相控阵火控雷达的发展情况,介绍了国外目前在研制的机载有源相控阵火控雷达,总结了机载火控有源相控阵雷达的发展趋势.     

对我国现行财务报告改进的思考

随着全球经济环境发生巨变,作为单位的会计环境,由于受整个经济环境的影响,也发生了变化。面对新的会计环境,现行财务报告体系如何满足使用者对风险信息和不确定信息披露的要求,是值得我们深入研究的新课题。从对新的会计环境下传统的财务报告存在的局限性进行分析入手,可提出对我国现行财务报告改进的思考,找出解决方法。     

Managerial Performance and Closed‐End Country Fund Premiums: A Lead or Lag Relationship?*

Herein, we examine whether changes in closed‐end country fund premiums lead and/or lag management performance. Using a sample of 46 country funds and a time period of 11 years, we find evidence of a significant negative relationship between past performance and current fund premiums, but no support for the hypothesis that past premiums are indicative of future performance. Furthermore, the above results are driven primarily by the emerging market funds. The difference between emerging market and developed market fund premiums' response to past performance, although less obvious, continues to hold in the crises period, but vanishes in the tranquil period.     

The Cost of Inaccurate Consumer Information: The Case of the EPA Mileage Figures

The EPA fuel economy estimates for automobiles are an important instrument of public policy and are widely publicized. However, the accuracy of these figures, for use by consumers as an estimate of actual on-the-road mileage, has come under increasing challenge. Consumers Union provides alternative fuel efficiency estimates for the cars it tests, based on actual on-the-road driving. This study calculates the costs of in-accuracies in the EPA's Estimated Mileage, assuming consumers use those figures in making their automobile purchase decisions, but in actual driving achieve mileage equivalent to the Consumers Union's figures. The economic impact includes potentially large unanticipated additional expenditures on gasoline by consumers and in a few cases unexpected gasoline savings; also included is a net social welfare loss due to allocative error. This loss provides a measure of the gains to society obtainable from improvements in the reliability of the EPA estimates as a source of mileage information for consumers.     

Tax Competition Reconsidered

In a classic model of tax competition, this paper shows that the level of public good provision and taxation in a decentralized equilibrium can be efficient or inefficient with either too much or too little public good provision. The key is whether there exists a unilateral incentive to deviate from the efficient state and, if so, whether this entails raising or lowering taxes. A priori, there is no reason to suppose the incentive is in either one direction or the other.