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131.
132.
Claudia Bernhard-Oettel Johanna Stengård Constanze Leineweber Hugo Westerlund Paraskevi Peristera P.-O Östergren 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2020,31(14):1771-1792
AbstractWhilst health consequences of being locked-in at the workplace have been documented in several research studies, it is largely unknown how work characteristics and their changes over time relate to risks for becoming locked-in at a certain workplace. Accordingly, this paper studied how perceived control, learning opportunities and quantitative demands at work associate with workplace-locked-in (WPLI). The study included permanent employees who participated in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) study in wave 3 through 5 (n = 2918 individuals; n = 7460 observations). Results from multi-level analysis show that there was significant individual variation in WPLI changes over time, even though on average, WPLI decreased slightly. Differences in work characteristics between individuals (L2) and across time (L1) associated significantly with WPLI: higher levels of job control and learning opportunities related to lower odds ratios for WPLI, whereas higher quantitative job demands associated with higher odds ratios of WPLI. Moreover, differences in quantitative job demands, number of job changes and educational achievements explained the individual variations of WPLI developments over time. The result shows that WPLI can – to some extent – be prevented or reduced through good work design, and implications for HR managers and organizations are discussed. 相似文献
133.
Business Cycle Volatility in Germany 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract. Stylized facts suggest that output volatility in OECD countries has declined in recent years. The causes and the nature of this decline have so far been analyzed mainly for the United States. In this paper, we analyze whether structural changes in output volatility in Germany can be detected. We report evidence that output volatility has declined in Germany. It is difficult to answer the question whether this decline in output volatility reflects good economic and monetary policy or merely ‘good luck’. 相似文献
134.
Voluntary contributions to a public good when partial contribution is a dominant strategy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Claudia Keser 《Economics Letters》1996,50(3):359-366
We present an experiment on voluntary contributions to a public good. The game has a dominant strategy solution in the interior of the strategy space. We observe significant over-contribution. Our result is similar to those of typical corner-solution experiments. 相似文献
135.
Games of Climate Change with International Trade 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Claudia Kemfert Wietze Lise Richard S.J. Tol 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2004,28(2):209-232
We analyse games of greenhouse gas emission reduction in which the emissions and the emission reduction costs of one country depend on other countries' emission abatement. In an analytically tractable model, we show that international trade effects on costs and emissions can either increase or decrease incentives to reduce emissions and to cooperate on emission abatement; in some specifications, optimal emission reduction is unaffected by trade. We therefore specify the model further, calibrating it to larger models that estimate the costs of emission reduction, trade effects, and impacts of climate change. If trade effects are driven by total emission reduction costs of other countries cooperation is slightly more difficult than in the case without trade effects. If trade effects are determined by relative emission reduction efforts in other countries, cooperation becomes easier. Carbon leakage does not affect our qualitative insights, although it does change the numbers. 相似文献
136.
This paper is aimed at evaluating the incidence of measurement error in the Bank of Italy's Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW). In the case of time-invariant variables, we assess the degree of inconsistency of answers given by panel households in subsequent survey waves. For quantities that vary with time, we estimate the incidence of measurement error by decomposing observed variability into true dynamics and error-induced noise. We apply the Heise model or the latent Markov model, depending on whether the data are continuous or categorical. We also present regression models that explain the error-generating process. Our results are relevant to researchers who use SHIW data for economic analysis, but also to data producers involved in similar income and wealth surveys. The methods we describe and test can be employed in a number of contexts to gain better understanding of data-related problems and plans for survey improvement. 相似文献
137.
Bauer R Körmer C Sector M 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2005,12(1):57-61
European Union (EU) countries are among the leading tourist destinations in the world. Despite growing consumer demands on the safety of travelling, injuries amongst tourists remain an essentially invisible problem. Unique national and regional data sources are the only means by which the important negative impact of injuries on the health of non-domestic tourists in the EU-15 is underlined. With an estimated number of 3800 tourists dying each year, injuries account for up to 30% of fatalities during vacation. This toll reflects an increased risk of mortality in tourists compared to the domestic population. Amendments to national and EU health and injury monitoring are suggested in order to enable authorities to examine personal risks to travellers in more detail. 相似文献
138.
Economic Efficiency and Productivity Growth in the Post-Privatization Chilean Hydroelectric Industry
Scott?E.?AtkinsonEmail author Claudia?Elizabeth?Halabí 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2005,23(2):245-273
Chiles hydroelectric industry was privatized in 1985, but required to operate within a regulatory framework designed to achieve a competitive outcome. A centralized dispatch center was established to ensure production at minimum cost, subject to constraints on minimum release and minimum reservoir stock. A reluctance to rapidly reduce the industry work force may also have existed. We develop a constrained cost-minimization model for thermal and hydro generation to obtain the shadow price of water and to determine the qualitative effect of these constraints on allocative efficiency. Using panel data from 1986–1997, we assess the economic efficiency of the hydro industry by estimating a stochastic distance frontier and price equations from the dual cost-minimization problem. We find dramatic increases in technical change and productivity change, with positive efficiency change for all years but the last. We also observe a dramatic decline in allocative inefficiencies over our sample period. The share of hydro generation from run-of-river and thermal plants relative to reservoir plants has increased, presumably in reaction to the water release and reservoir stock constraints, reducing the relative over-utilization of capital to water from the pre-1985 regime. Further, the over-utilization of labor to capital and water has fallen over time. However, considerable allocative inefficiencies remain, consistent with our finding of industry-wide scale economies. Substantial cost savings would result if technical and allocative efficiency were eliminated.JEL Classification: L94, D24 相似文献
139.
140.
We investigate some portfolio problems that consist of maximizing expected terminal wealth under the constraint of an upper bound for the risk, where we measure risk by the variance, but also by the Capital-at-Risk (CaR). The solution of the mean-variance problem has the same structure for any price process which follows an exponential Lévy process. The CaR involves a quantile of the corresponding wealth process of the portfolio. We derive a weak limit law for its approximation by a simpler Lévy process, often the sum of a drift term, a Brownian motion and a compound Poisson process. Certain relations between a Lévy process and its stochastic exponential are investigated.Received: January 2003Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 60F05, 60G51, 60H30, 91B28; secondary: 60E07, 91B70JEL Classification:
C22, G11, D81We would like to thank Jan Kallsen and Ralf Korn for discussions and valuable remarks on a previous version of our paper. The second author would like to thank the participants of the Conference on Lévy Processes at Aarhus University in January 2002 for stimulating remarks. In particular, a discussion with Jan Rosinski on gamma processes has provided more insight into the approximation of the variance gamma model. 相似文献