Economic structure and development in an emergent Asian economy: evidence from a social accounting matrix for vietnam

Vietnam started a wide-ranging process of economic reform in 1986 and is presently opening up its economy to regional and global economic forces. As a result, Vietnam faces significant challenges in the area of economic policy analysis in spite of a remarkable growth performance in recent years. This paper reviews insights emerging from a detailed social accounting matrix (SAM), compiled for the year 2000. The SAM reflects Vietnam’s heavy reliance on primary sector activities, but we also find that agricultural potential could be expanded significantly. In other sectors, the critical importance of sustained commitments to human capital development is apparent. In this context, the international donor community can support the ongoing transformation process through concerted training and capacity building initiatives that have proven successful elsewhere in the region.     

Scale modification: alternative approaches and their consequences

Important marketing scales such as SERVQUAL are often adapted for use in a particular applied/theory-testing context and/or refined using some statistical method, assuming the resultant scale will have improved psychometric properties for a particular application. However, little attention has been paid to the consequences of how scale modifications are made, the criteria that are used to assess how well a modified scale performs, and whether scale modification is in fact worthwhile. To investigate these issues, we review approaches to scale modification, select an influential marketing scale and use context, and then examine the effects of the different scale modification approaches on which items are included in the refined scale. We then cross-validate the psychometric performance of the resulting scales using criteria that reflect the multiple purposes to which a scale can be applied. The results show approaches that leads to a more reliable scale for one purpose (e.g., segmentation) can be far less adequate for another purpose (e.g., benchmarking).     

Grain transport and rural credit in Mozambique: solving the space–time problem

This paper shows how credit market failures can lead to large welfare losses in grain markets by inducing increased transport for seasonal storage in locations with low credit costs. The burden of these welfare losses falls primarily on rural households. These conclusions are obtained from a spatial/temporal model solved using a mixed complementarity formulation that easily handles interest rate differentials across space. Efforts to address credit market failures and to improve the efficiency of rural storage should be given priority as opposed to the creation of large, formal sector grain collection centers.     

Post-Fordism and the end of work

Post-Fordism is a term which has largely been rejected by the Left, mainly on the grounds that it dignifies aspects of capitalist society that should be challenged. In this article I aim to redeem the political value of the concept by showing how it can contribute to a positive critique of wage-based society. Radicalising the theory of post-Fordism requires a deepening of the principles of autonomy and responsibility which are central to the post-Fordist work paradigm. These principles should be extended, I argue, to apply to the wider social repercussions of post-Fordist labour, including destructive environmental consequences, the manipulation of consumer needs and above all the production of non-work or unemployment which flexible production methods entail. I argue that workers’ recognition of their wider social responsibilities therefore requires theoretical mediations capable of loosening the reductive equation of ‘autonomy’ with ‘work’. I also argue that the trend towards knowledge-based societies, because of the difficulties it creates in the definition and measurement of individual labour time, is making the abolition of waged work an increasingly rational ideal. I conclude by highlighting the alternative scenario towards which post-Fordist capitalism is otherwise heading. This is a society where every social activity — including consumption — is recognised, formalised and remunerated as work, as people are paid to produce themselves in accordance with the needs of social reproduction.     

Child Health and Mortality: Does Health Knowledge Matter?

This paper studies factors that influence child health in Bissau,the capital of Guinea-Bissau. This environment is characterisedby high infant mortality, but not by malnutrition. We show thatalthough maternal education is important in determining childhealth and mortality this effect diminishes or disappears whenhealth knowledge is introduced as an explanatory variable. Itemerges that health knowledge has large and positive effectson both child mortality and health when instrumented for tocapture endogeneity.     

Employment in the U.S.: Public discourse and longterm trends

Revised version of a talk delivered at a “Presidential Roundtable on President Clinton’s First Year” at the annual meetings of the Association for Social Economics on January 3, 1994 in Boston.     

Ethical problems in public accounting: The view from the top

The authors empirically examine the nature and extent of ethical problems confronting senior level AICPA members (CPAs) and examine the effectiveness of partner actions and codes of ethics in reducing ethical problems. The results indicate that the most difficult ethical problems (frequency reported) were: client requests to alter tax returns and commit tax fraud, conflict of interest and independence, client requests to alter financial statements, personal-professional problems, and fee problems. Analysis of attitudes toward ethics in the accounting profession indicated that (1) CPAs perceive that opportunities exist in the accounting profession to engage in unethical behavior, (2) CPAs, in general, do not believe that unethical behavior leads to success, and (3) when top management (partners) reprimand unethical behavior, the ethical problems perceived by CPAs seem to be reduced. Don W. Finn is Associate Professor of Accounting at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. Professor Finn has published over twenty articles on business, accounting, and budgeting topics which have appeared in professional publications such as The Accounting Review, Omega, Oil & Gas Tax Quarterly, Cost and Management, and Managerial Planning. Dr. Finn also has co-authored two monographs on accounting topics. He is also active in the American Accounting Association and the National Association of Accountants. Professor Shelby Hunt is currently Distinguished Professor and Horn Professor of Research in the Marketing Department at Texas Tech University. He has published extensively in Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, and many other prestigious journals. Recently, he was editor-in-chief for the Journal of Marketing. Professor Chonko has published in Journal of Marketing Research and other prestigious marketing journals. He is currently director of consumer research at Baylor University.     

In Chains? An Empirical Study of Antecedents of Supplier Product Development Activity in the Automotive Industry*

In the literature on interorganizational collaboration in product development, considerable attention is given to supplier role classifications. Such classifications often link to a supplier's position in the overall supply chain, but the claim that this position has a substantial impact on its product development activities has seldom been empirically validated. The results from the present survey among Swedish automotive suppliers demonstrate that supplier product development activity is significantly affected by the position of the supplier in the supply chain and the supplier's strategic focus on innovation. While the latter has a stronger impact on product development activities, there is also an interaction effect implying that the effects of a supplier's innovation strategy are contingent on its supply chain position. Contrary to expectations, customer development commitment does not have any significant direct effect on supplier product development activities. Instead, this relation is fully mediated by supplier innovation strategy. These findings imply that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, product development activities are not strictly organized in “chains.” Although supply chains can be useful metaphors for understanding the distribution of regular production activities between firms, they arguably apply less to the distribution of product development activities.