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41.
This article analyzes how external crises spread across countries.The authors analyze the behavior of four alternative crisisindicators in a sample of 20 countries during three well-knowncrises: the 1982 debt crisis, the 1994 Mexican crisis, and the1997 Asian crisis. The objective is twofold: to revisit thetransmission channels of crises, and to analyze whether capitalcontrols, exchange rate flexibility, and debt maturity structureaffect the extent of contagion. The results indicate that thereis a strong neighborhood effect. Trade links and similarityin precrisis growth also explain (to a lesser extent) whichcountries suffer more contagion. Both debt composition and exchangerate flexibility to some extent limit contagion, whereas capitalcontrols do not appear to curb it. 相似文献
42.
University research in the U.S.A. is based on a tight relationship between University and economic activity. In Europe and South America, although less commonly than in the U.S.A., there's already a large amount of experiences related to the creation of "on campus" or "spin off" companies based on the results and knowledge obtained from research in University departments and R&D centres financed with public funds. The virtual base of this results in communication technologies enables private use and the appropriation of the benefits by their authors. European model, historically widely separated from private companies, has produced high quality basic research, but it has failed to obtain profit from technological development. Research funds happen to be basically public. Europe heads for economic, politic and military union. Common economic space and the growing up of the new markets, which we can foresee to be extended to other countries, will promote business opportunities and the relationship University-Industry. University institutions and faculties should think about their current ethic convictions to create a new Industry-University model in the context of a global economy. 相似文献
43.
In this paper we discuss second-generation electricity reforms being formulated in Latin America and how they are being reshaped by the California crisis, which had stood as a paradigm, at least in theory, for fully competitive markets. We argue that the main lesson policy makers in Latin America should draw from the experience in California and other electricity markets around the world is that the liberalization of wholesale markets will not result in more competitive outcomes where market concentration is significant, final consumers are isolated from actual marginal production costs and capacity is tight. At least in the case of Argentina and Chile, the California crisis has had a “positive externality” by persuading policy makers, at least momentarily, to postpone liberalization reforms and make them realize the complexities in implementing competitive markets. 相似文献
44.
José María Montero Lorenzo 《International Advances in Economic Research》2002,8(4):357-361
The goal of measuring the existing concentration of an economic magnitude among the elements in which it is distributed has
been over the past years one of the major worries in the economic statistics arena. Among all the concentration indexes, the
Gini index has been applied to a greater extent. This study considers that the traditional Gini index definition, according
to a wide array of introductory statistics textbooks, is only applicable in the case of unitary frequency distributions. When
dealing with nonunitary frequency distributions, it is possible to convert them into unitary ones, allowing for the application
of the Gini index. Nevertheless, it can be appreciated how laborious such a task will be in those cases where the number of
elements of the distribution is of considerable magnitude. The aim of this paper is to avoid this handicap by presenting an
alternative index, the E-index. 相似文献
45.
46.
Gregorio Guitián 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(3):513-524
Although work–family conflict is highly relevant for both families and businesses, scarce attention has received from business ethics perspective. This article focuses on the latter, presenting a set of relevant insights from Catholic Social Teaching (CST). After reviewing the foundations and principles presented by CST regarding work–family relationships, a set of normative propositions are presented to develop work–family policies and for a correct personal work–family balance. It is argued that business responsibility with employees’ family should be considered as a part of Corporate Social Responsibility. In addition, the applications of these principles and propositions can lead to a mutual enrichment of both business and family. 相似文献
47.
48.
Paola Ovando Pablo Campos Rafael Calama Gregorio Montero 《Journal of Forest Economics》2010,16(2):83-100
This analysis measures the net benefit that a landowner could obtain from changing current dry-land cereal fields into Stone pine plantations in Portillo and Viana (Valladolid, Spain). We apply cost–benefit analysis techniques to estimate the present value of Stone pine afforestation net benefit by considering an infinite series of forestry rotations. We simulate three Stone pine silviculture models at each of the two sites. In addition, we estimate landowner extended net benefits from Stone pine afforestation when we consider a hypothetical payment for the carbon sequestration service. Results show that, when government subsidies are included, Stone pine afforestation only offers positive landowner net benefit in Portillo when both medium and high-stocking silviculture models are applied. Taking into account carbon prices up to €45 tC?1 (€12.3 tCO2?1), Stone pine afforestation gives landowner positive extended net benefits for the three silviculture models simulated at the Portillo and Viana sites. 相似文献
49.
Emílio José Montero Arruda Filho Júnio De Souza Simões Cristiana Fernandes De Muylder 《Journal of Marketing Management》2020,36(1-2):128-148
ABSTRACTThis research seeks to identify the influence of perceived risk in the purchase intention environment regarding innovative technological products, and also to understand how brand trust reduces the expected impact of this risk due to the hedonic and utilitarian characteristics influencing purchase intention. Quantitative research was carried out and analysed through structural equation modelling, where the influence of perceived risk on utilitarian value and purchase intention was identified, as well as the influence of brand trust in reducing this risk. The conceptual implications of the study describe as the perceived risk moderates hedonic features less compared to utilitarian features regarding purchase intention, thus demonstrating that emotional relationships are less affected by this risk. The managerial implications suggest that devices with utilitarian characteristics should be more carefully planned according to their brand and complexity, while hedonic products do not require brand trust to guarantee consumers’ purchase intention in the current innovative scenario. 相似文献
50.