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81.
82.
Andrei Semenov 《Quantitative Finance》2013,13(4):391-404
We propose an approach to the estimation of the parameters of stochastic discount factor (SDF) models which is based on the idea that the next period joint distribution of the variables in a SDF and asset returns can be well approximated by their joint historical distribution. The estimates of the SDF parameters may therefore be found as the values of the parameters at which the mean of the historical distribution of the product of the SDF with an asset return equals one. Each time period, the estimates are updated using the most recent periods of data and hence can change over time. This method can be viewed as an alternative to the approaches that specify a particular functional form relating the SDF parameters to proxies for the state of the world. 相似文献
83.
This paper studies the effects of Samuel Huntington's ‘Clash of Civilisations’ thesis on Russian foreign policy discourse. In response to Huntington's thesis, two major currents of Russia's foreign policy thinking ‐ Liberals and Nationalists ‐ are identified, both of which are critical of the thesis. The two groups offer diametrically opposed alternatives to Huntington's paradigm of the post‐Cold War world. The Liberal‐Nationalist controversy reflects Russia's debates about its own political identity and provides us with a rich and informative understanding of the process of identity formation. By identifying Russia's various reactions to the ‘Clash of Civilisations’ thesis, the paper identifies potential influences of various currents in Russian foreign policy thinking on the country's future foreign policy. It also suggests some implications for further studies of cultures/civilisations in international politics. 相似文献
84.
We consider a class of Markovian risk models in which the insurer collects premiums at rate c1(c2) whenever the surplus level is below (above) a constant threshold level b. We derive the Laplace-Stieltjes transform (LST) of the distribution of the time to ruin as well as the LST (with respect to time) of the joint distribution of the time to ruin, the surplus prior to ruin, and the deficit at ruin. By interpreting that the insurer pays dividends continuously at rate c1?c2 whenever the surplus level is above b, we also derive the expected discounted value of total dividend payments made prior to ruin. Our results are obtained by making use of an existing connection which links an insurer's surplus process to an embedded fluid flow process. 相似文献
85.
Andrei Kirilenko Svetlana Stepchenkova Rebecca Romsdahl Kristine Mattis 《Quality and Quantity》2012,46(2):501-522
Content analysis of newspaper publications has become a major scientific method of the analysis of public discourse. Within
the framework of content analysis, we suggest a computer-assisted method to extract the most important topics of this discourse
in an objective, quantifiable manner. The method combines frequency and proximity analysis of the text population, selection
of the key words, text modification based on a key word dictionary, factor analysis of the modified text population, and factor
interpretation. We illustrate the concept by applying the method to study the major topics discussed in the US and UK prestige
press that relate to the precautionary principle. Precautionary principle is a concept of preventing environmental damage
under scientific uncertainty. The analysis demonstrates the difference between the major topics of the precautionary principle
discussion in the US and UK press. In the US, it revolves around an emphasis on the action on global warming, international
trade on genetically modified food, environment pollution, the risks of new technologies, and cost-benefit analysis (CBA).
In the UK, the major discussion topics include threats to agriculture and farmers, climate change economics, national and
EU regulations, and commercial fishing. Other discussion topics, such as health and pollution, water safety regulations, meat
safety and trade, and GMO regulations are shared between the countries. The US sample demonstrates more negative views towards
the precautionary principle, which is presented as a threat to the US economic interests. 相似文献
86.
Control offers a critical differentiator between successful and failed interfirm service exchanges. The application of informal control to improve supplier performance has been well established, but the effect of formal control appears profoundly equivocal. This study proposes that the actual effect of formal control depends on its mode (output vs. behavior) and its relationship with the service type (mass vs. professional) and informal control. With survey data from 252 service buying organizations, the results indicate that output control interacts with service type to determine perceived supplier performance (PSP). Buyers’ reliance on high output control has a positive effect on PSP in mass service exchanges; this effect becomes negative in professional service exchanges. The effect of the interaction of behavior control and service type also depends on the presence of informal control. Buyers’ reliance on high behavior control exerts a more positive effect on PSP in professional service exchanges than in mass service exchanges, but only in the presence of informal control. These findings have key implications for both theory and practice. 相似文献
87.
Simeon Djankov Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Andrei Shleifer 《Journal of Financial Economics》2008
We present a new measure of legal protection of minority shareholders against expropriation by corporate insiders: the anti-self-dealing index. Assembled with the help of Lex Mundi law firms, the index is calculated for 72 countries based on legal rules prevailing in 2003, and focuses on private enforcement mechanisms, such as disclosure, approval, and litigation, that govern a specific self-dealing transaction. This theoretically grounded index predicts a variety of stock market outcomes, and generally works better than the previously introduced index of anti-director rights. 相似文献
88.
89.
Assessing the maintenance of savings sufficiency over the first decade of retirement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert Haveman Karen Holden Andrei Romanov Barbara Wolfe 《International Tax and Public Finance》2007,14(4):481-502
The goal of securing adequate resources in retirement dominates the ongoing debate regarding social security reforms designed
to accommodate the demographic transformation and to provide minimum income security to retired workers. Policy proposals
concerned with the implication of future public sector costs emphasize greater individual responsibility for meeting retirement
resource goals. Proposals seeking minimum living standards imply expansion of public fiscal liabilities. We contribute to
this discussion by examining the extent to which a cohort of US retirees were able to meet resource adequacy standards at
the time of retirement, and to maintain initial levels of resources over the first decade of retirement. We compare annuitized
wealth, including social security and pension wealth, to two adequacy standards—a household’s preretirement earnings (reflecting
the goal of maintaining preretirement consumption) and the US poverty threshold (reflecting the goal of meeting minimum consumption
standards). We analyze the relationship of individual characteristics to changes in resource adequacy over time, and identify
the characteristics of those who gain and lose resources over the first decade of retirement. Finally, we simulate the effects
on adequacy and public sector benefit costs of four social insurance policy proposals.
This research was partially supported by a grant from the Social Security Administration. Additional support was provided
by the Institute for Research on Poverty, the Graduate School and the Center for Demography and Ecology all at the University
of Wisconsin-Madison. Conclusions represent those of the authors alone and not of the funding agencies. 相似文献
90.
Der deutsche Stahlmarkt unterlag in der Vergangenheit heftigen Funktionsst?rungen. Lassen sich diese St?rungen mit Hilfe des
Koordinationsm?ngel-Diagnosekonzepts erkl?ren? Wie entwickeln sich das Stahlangebot und die Stahlnachfrage und wie reagiert
der Stahlpreis auf Ungleichgewichte? Ist die europ?ische Stahlpolitik zukünftig in der Lage, die Funktionsf?higkeit des Stahlmarkts
zu gew?hrleisten? 相似文献