农民对农村基础设施满意度的影响因素分析——基于670份调查问卷的结构方程模型分析

本文依据山东省214个行政村670份调查问卷所得到的调查数据,实证分析了农民对农村基础设施的满意度及其影响因素的作用力大小问题。从调研结果来看,农民对灌溉和环保这两种基础设施的满意度较低。根据结构方程模型的估计结果,可以得知农户收入增长越慢、村庄的类型越优越、村庄距离县城的距离越短、基础设施的价格越低、基础设施的供需缺口越小、农户家庭结构越先进、和其他村的基础设施进行比较而得到的优越感越强,农民的满意度就会越高,而其中影响力最大的就是比较而来的优越感,说明农村基础设施建设不仅"患寡"更"患不均"。同时发现基础设施随时间发生的改良并不显著影响农民的满意度,说明"忆苦思甜"的心理状态在农村并不普遍。     

Towards the dual economy and emancipation from employment

We are slaves to employment and its institutions—employers, trade unions, government—no less than medieval man was to church, baron, and manor. The apparent failure of technology to liberate us from full-time jobs is due to our dependence on the institutional economy and the use of employment for social control. Universal employment is not only a dubious privilege, but one we cannot afford. Today there is a physical and psychological flight from modern employment. The growth of the informal or free economy offers a way forward. It promises greater opportunities for women, those with manual skills, and the permanent resident, although there is not much in it for the mobile executive on the make.     

Corporate Environmental Responsibility

This paper offers directions for the continuing dialogue between business ethicists and environmental philosophers. I argue that a theory of corporate social responsibility must be consistent with, if not derived from, a model of sustainable economics rather than the prevailing neoclassical model of market economics. I use environmental examples to critique both classical and neoclassical models of corporate social responsibility and sketch the alternative model of sustainable development. After describing some implications of this model at the level of individual firms and industries, I offer an ethical justification of the sustainability alternative that is derived from the same values that underlie traditional market economics.     

Efficiency and Technological Change in the U.S. Brewing Industry

This study demonstrates that the measurement of technological change and economic efficiency are tightly linked. Efficiency measures may depend on carefully controlling for technological change, while tests of technological change may be sensitive to empirical model specifications. Moreover, the study underlines Solow's (1994) and Romer's (1994) admonition that econometricians should pay attention to industry and institutional evidence in building models of technological change. The empirical results presented here suggest that there has been substantial technological change in the U.S. brewing industry from 1950 to 1992. This occurred in the form of a dramatic shift in technology beginning with the introduction of super breweries in about 1972. There has also been a substantial increase in scale economies, which undoubtedly caused many inefficiently small firms to exit the industry during the 1960s and 1970s. Further results suggest that a more complete specification of technological change and the stochastic nature of the frontier production function leads to higher and more tenable estimates of efficiency.     

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITION OF FOUR ASIAN COUNTRIES BEFORE THE 1997 CRISIS

Abstract.  The current paper presents an empirical analysis of the current account positions during the pre Asian crisis period, in the four most crisis-hit countries (namely Thailand, the Philippines, South Korea and Indonesia). We have employed the procedures advocated by Husted for the presence of stationarity in current accounts by estimating a cointegration relationship between any country's exports and imports. The results do not substantiate the presence of cointegration between the series, implying that the macroeconomic fundamentals in these countries prior to the crisis were far from robust, at least from the perspective of current account sustainability.     

The use of Web sites as a disclosure platform for corporate performance

Adopting a stockholders' interests' perspective, we explore three related questions: (1) What are the scope and patterns of corporate performance disclosure on the Internet? (2) What are the determinants of the extent and scope of corporate performance disclosure on the Internet? (3) Is corporate performance disclosure on the Internet relevant for valuation of a firm's earnings? Corporate performance disclosure relates to corporate actions and initiatives that directly affect society and, ultimately, stockholders' wealth. We focus on Web (HTML) disclosure. Our sample comprises Canada's largest publicly-traded firms, many of which are also SEC registrants. The extent and scope of web disclosure by these firms is rated using a coding grid. Regarding the first question, three disclosure patterns emerge: (1) firms providing disclosure about innovation, development and growth also tend to report about customer value as well as maintaining a Web site with good capabilities (business-related disclosure), (2) disclosure about human/intellectual capital is linked to social responsibility disclosure (social-related disclosure) and, (3) the disclosure of financial performance and corporate governance practices are both closely linked together (financial-related disclosure). Regarding the second question, firms apparently take into account variables proxying for information costs and benefits accruing to stockholders when determining the extent of their Web disclosure. Finally, regarding the third question, a firm's web-based performance disclosure appears to affect its earnings valuation multiple, although in a differential manner according to the nature of the information being conveyed.     

Marketing Innovation

This paper provides an economic analysis of marketing innovation. A dynamic duopoly model is developed to study two forms of marketing innovation: γ, which allows a firm to acquire consumer information effectively; and σ, which reduces consumer transaction costs. The incentives and effects of marketing innovation differ markedly from those of product or process innovations. Although γ benefits the innovating firm, it hurts some consumers; and, while σ benefits all consumers, it may or may not benefit the innovating firm. Increased competition intensity reduces the value of γ but increases the value of σ. The private incentive is too high for γ but too low for σ.