国家价值空间是如何形成的?——论中国电力行业产业升级的“第三条路径”

国家价值空间具有引领性、务实性和包容性的特征,国家价值空间的形成过程实质上是产业升级的过程.文章以中国电力行业为例,构建技术创新与需求扩张的内生互动机制,提出本土产业升级的“第三条路径”.研究表明:作为推动产业升级的两大动力,技术创新和需求扩张并非独立发挥作用,分工深化和分工广化将这两者联系起来形成合力,推动产业沿着“价值节点—产品价值片段—行业价值链条—产业价值网络—国家价值空间”的路径进行升级.其政策含义在于:必须突破向跨国公司“看齐靠拢”、与全球价值链“深度融合”的思维藩篱,通过推进分工深化和分工广化,加强技术创新和内需扩张两者之间的内在联系,并将由此产生的内生互动和循环增强机制作为自主建构国家价值空间的强劲动力.     

The effects of fuel prices and vehicle sales on fuel‐saving technology adoption in passenger vehicles

Although economic theory suggests that both sales and fuel costs affect technology adoption by vehicle manufacturers, there is very little empirical evidence on either effect. We document a strong connection between a vehicle's sales and its energy efficiency. Using a demographics‐driven demand shifter to isolate demand‐side changes in sales, we find that a one standard deviation increase in sales raises efficiency by 0.2%, compared with a mean improvement rate of 1.4% per year between 1997 and 2013. Higher fuel prices also increase technology adoption directly by increasing willingness to pay for fuel cost savings. The results have two implications: manufacturers will continue to focus technological improvements on top selling vehicles; and fuel taxes will have larger effects on technology adoption than fuel economy standards and feebates.     

Residential segregation and educational attainment of children from regional migrant families in China

This paper studies the residential segregation effects on educational attainment of children from regional migrant families in China. We find that if migrant families live in segregated communities with fewer local residents, the school dropout rate of the children living with their parents in the host cities is higher and their high school enrollment rate is lower. We employ a unique set of nationwide survey data of regional migrants in China in 2012 and 2013 that comprises more than 150,000 individuals in each year. We first use the ratio of migrants over the total population residing in a community to measure segregation. When the ratio increases by 10%, the school dropout rate of migrant children increases by 4.7% from the mean value. Secondly, we identify segregation from the housing type of the migrant family. When they reside in the dorms provided by their employers or in the workplace, they will also be surrounded by many migrant colleagues. We find that living in such places increases the “not‐going‐to‐high‐school rate” of migrant children by 35% from the mean value. Our subsample analysis indicates that the segregation effects only exist in the samples of male migrant children and rural hukou families.     

Time Orientation in Languages and Tax Avoidance

Journal of Business Ethics - Studies suggest that when a language requires grammatical marking of future events, speakers prefer immediate payoffs and engage in less future-oriented behavior. If...     

四川省水稻产投特征变迁及技术进步对单产的影响

[目的]了解四川水稻产投特征和技术进步对单产的影响,促进水稻可持续生产。[方法]分析了改革开放以来四川省水稻产投特征和技术特征变动,并基于索洛余值法测算了1980~2015年四川省科技进步对水稻单产的贡献情况。[结果](1)全省水稻单产水平及物质与服务费用投入均呈现波动增长趋势,人工投入逐年递减,但人工成本在生产成本中的比重较大;(2)四川省水稻品种选育、栽培管理技术、推广技术、稻作经营方式和农业政策不断变迁,更适应当前以普通家庭生产和新型经营主体共同发展的局面对技术的需求;(3)整体来看,近36年技术进步对四川省水稻单产水平提高的贡献率较低,生产经营较为粗放;(4)分时期看,2005年前,技术进步对全省水稻单产水平提高的贡献率较高,但之后尤其是近5年,技术进步并未对水稻单产水平提高产生影响,要素投入是水稻单产水平提升的主要因素。[结论]提出了加强科技研发及投入水平、"一主多元"联合推广、生产管理技术培训和丘区节本增效生产的政策建议。     

结构嵌入、动态能力与组织绩效:一个混合模型

供应链企业对外部关系网络的结构性嵌入，有利于其获取更多异质性资源，这为组织绩效提升奠定了基础。在构建结构嵌入、动态能力与组织绩效关系混合模型的基础上，实证检验了结构嵌入对组织绩效的影响。研究结果表明：结构嵌入与组织绩效间存在显著的倒“U”型关系，即结构嵌入具有“拐点”效应，过高水平的结构嵌入不利于组织绩效提升；环境动态性在结构嵌入对组织绩效的影响中发挥有中介的调节作用；学习能力和创新能力在结构嵌入对组织绩效的影响中存在有调节的中介效应。     

Unobserved ties between corporate executives and mutual fund managers

After corporate executives relocate from origin firms to destination firms, only 3.6 percent of mutual fund managers follow the departing executives: they divest from origin firms while initiating investments in destination firms. This phenomenon is more pronounced for those funds that earned superior returns from investments in the origin firms, and that demand more information regarding the destination firms. Further, comigration funds’ holding changes in destination firms more accurately predict cumulative abnormal returns around earnings announcements than do their investments in other stocks and non‐comigration funds’ new investments. Hiring the migrating executives does not improve the destination firms’ operating performance.     

环境库兹涅茨曲线假说检验研究进展与展望

[目的]EKC曲线描述的是生态环境质量随着经济增长呈现先恶化后改善的趋势,即存在倒“U”型关系。为了了解EKC假设检验目前研究现状与存在的主要问题,深入探讨未来研究重点和方向。[方法]系统梳理经济发展对生态环境质量影响的EKC假说检验文献,以期丰富EKC检验的理论基础,进一步促进经济、生态环境健康持续发展。[结果]各种污染物指标与人均GDP间呈现出倒“U”型、正“U”型、倒“N”型、线型(或“~”型)等多种关系。[结论]未来研究重点和方向是:(1)研究形成EKC曲线背后的作用机理;(2)合理构建反映整体生态环境质量综合指标及影响经济发展的多因素指标;(3)合理构建经济发展与生态环境相互作用的理论模型,并在研究中引入综合方法;运用空间计量模型实证检验EKC假说;(4)国内对小城镇和欠发达地区经济发展对生态环境影响的EKC假说检验。     

西南喀斯特峰丛洼地区农业现代化转型发展模式研究

[目的]基于西南喀斯特峰丛洼地区农业环境及农业发展基本情况,从农业生产组织形式创新为切入点,提出未来区域农业现代化发展转型模式。[方法]立足对区域农村、农业发展环境、农业现代化发展基本模式、农户农业生产行为和现阶段主要农业发展现状进行对比分析,解析现有农业现代化转型存在的问题,总结提出了企业式农场经营模式、农业经营联合体模式、农民专业合作社模式及股份制农业合作社模式等农业发展模式,并分析了其适应性。[结果]认为以农户为基本组成单位的农业合作社及股份制农业合作社发展模式,是最适宜西南喀斯特峰丛洼地区农业现代化转型发展,具有良好的发展潜力及推广前景。[结论]西南喀斯特峰丛洼地区农业现代化转型发展的关键是使农业更好地融于城市经济,充分分享经济建设成果,形成内在的可持续发展能力,应注重从完善保障制度建设;创新农村土地利用和管理体制;保障农户权益,留住农业利润,强化农业内在发展能力建设;建立跨流域生态补偿机制,多方面增加农业投入等方面提供支持。     

绿色人力资源管理实践感知、资质过高感与员工绿色行为

企业绿色人力资源管理实践旨在通过激发员工绿色环保行为，实现企业绿色可持续发展。员工资质过高感虽然是影响员工行为的重要因素之一，但绿色人力资源管理研究对其关注甚少。为此，以员工为调查对象，基于个体层面，从资质过高感研究绿色人力资源管理实践感知与员工绿色行为的关系。结果发现：绿色人力资源管理实践感知与员工绿色行为显著正相关，资质过高感发挥U型调节作用。结论可为组织绿色人力资源管理实践提供有益参考。