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61.
Unions frequently restructure through merger, most often in the form of absorptions involving one bigger union absorbing a smaller one. However, the individual‐level effects of merger resulting in big amorphous organisations remain unclear. In this article, we highlight the role of the individual member in union absorptions, and investigate the relative importance of being a member of a large absorbing union or a small absorbed union, as well as the attitude of members towards merger in predicting post‐merger member attachment. The results from longitudinal data before and after absorption showed that members' attitude towards merger significantly predicted the members' attachment levels after absorption—this was, however, not the case for union commitment. We also uncovered a significant interaction indicating that the effect of members' attitude towards merger was more strongly related to perceptions of union support and instrumentality among members of the absorbed union. 相似文献
62.
Gary L. Tyre Chrystos D. Siderelis 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(2):173-179
Instant‐count sampling was tested on four municipal recreation areas in Athens, Georgia. Users were counted instantaneously on the areas at randomly selected times. From these counts, estimates of use and standard errors were achieved with a minimum of sampling time required. Errors ranged from 10.2 to 37.8 percent of estimated use and did not exceed 23.6 percent for total use. 相似文献
63.
Morven G McEachern Gary Warnaby 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2013,23(2):255-271
Approximately 40 quality assurance labels are in operation throughout the UK, namely for meat, salmon, milk, cereals, eggs, fruit and vegetables. Fresh meat quality labels are the most prevalent, thus requiring consumers to recognize and learn not only about the many nationally organized quality labels, but also the in-house retail labels. This paper identifies the meat purchasing behaviour of consumers and their perceptions, attitudes and knowledge towards the main quality assurance labels. Results indicate consumers' purchase preferences to be more influenced by quality labels co-ordinated by producer-led organizations, and that recognition and knowledge of retail labels are low in comparison. This raises questions regarding the relevance and communication strategies of in-house retail ‘quality assurances’ to consumers. 相似文献
64.
H. Ken Cordell Gary T. Green Carter J. Betz 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(1):13-41
This paper broadly explores changing outdoor recreation demands, environmental opinions and demographics in the United States. With this country's population predicted to more than double by the end of this century, it is imperative that we understand these trends and their implications for better managing our natural environment and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in that environment. Using national survey data, we have described differences in recreation behavior (participation) and environmental attitudes nationwide across six socio-demographic factors-race, country of birth, rural-urban residence, region of the country, age and income. Results indicate that demographic differences, recreation activity choices and people's environmental positions are linked. 相似文献
65.
对于酒店风险管控,"预判并提前防范"远胜于临危救火。据中国旅游研究院监控数据显示,2011年中国酒店客房总数为200万间套,预计2016年可达到500万间套,截至当前中国还有1700家星级酒店正在建设之中,全球近70%的国际一流酒店集团齐聚中国,并把这里作为未来十年的主要投资市场,在中国一 相似文献
66.
Gary Akehurst 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(2):161-179
Given the lack of economic studies of market structure in retail distribution there is a need to repair some 40 years of neglect. Concentration in UK retailing is here systematically measured for the first time, not using Census of Distribution or other government sources, but based on the identification of the leading 150 or so companies, and the clear identification of turnover and profits derived from UK retailing. The paper discusses the significance of these findings related to the years 1970–78 but the true importance lies in the establishment of a comprehensive, computerised data base, which can be up-dated, and on which long-term trends can be established in conjunction with behavioural studies of mergers, innovatory activities and pricing behaviour. In this way, a structure-behaviour-structure model may lay the foundations for a theory of competition in retailing, besides various policy implications. 相似文献
67.
Gary L. Simon 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(1):11-23
Professional services firms (PSFs) engaged in international operations present a unique challenge for governments. They directly and indirectly affect governmental policies and the agencies that enforce these policies through policy development, problem solving, and implementation. Yet, governments that seek to advance rational, forward thinking public policy have little, if any, regulatory control over the input and influence of these professional experts. International professional service firms face an increasingly competitive marketplace and complex challenges that demand skill sets that are markedly different from those characteristically required of consumer service companies. This study identifies the qualities of the best performing PSFs that engage clients worldwide. Implications are discussed for governments to ensure the greater public good. 相似文献
68.
Cathy Hart Andrew M. Farrell Grazyna Stachow Gary Reed John W. Cadogan 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(5):583-604
In this paper the authors investigate enjoyment of the shopping experience, its influence on consumers' intention to repatronise a regional shopping centre and the effect of gender differences on shopping enjoyment. Four dimensions of shopping enjoyment are proposed and a 16-item measure is developed to assess 536 consumer perceptions of the shopping experience across five counties in the United Kingdom. Findings indicate that shopping experience enjoyment has a significant positive influence upon customers' repatronage intentions. Furthermore, men are found to have a stronger relationship of enjoyment with repatronage than women. The implications of these results are discussed, together with managerial implications, study limitations, and future research directions. 相似文献
69.
70.
Recent research suggests that managers often make strategic decisions in novel situations by utilizing past experiences to reason by analogy. However, there is substantial evidence that decision makers often fail to identify and apply knowledge about one situation to a similarly structured situation. Two experimental studies investigated the mechanisms impacting knowledge transfer from one managerial situation (the source) to an analogous situation. The results show that exposure to variation in the source situation improves transfer performance. Variation decreases performance in the short term but improves learning and increases analogical transfer. Higher performance on and systematic search of the source situation also increase transfer performance. These results yield important implications for enhancing analogical transfer in strategic decision making and for future research on reasoning by analogy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献