Integration of family-owned business succession with turnover and life cycle models: Development of a successor retention process model

Family-owned businesses face a unique obstacle: continuation of the business through intergenerational transfer. Most family-owned businesses cease when the next generation does not enter the business. This paper develops parallels between failed intergenerational transfer and voluntary turnover. Based on past research, we develop a taxonomy of characteristics hypothesized to influence intergenerational transfer in family-owned businesses. We, then, integrate these dimensions with prominent turnover and socialization theories to propose a successor retention process model. Implications for research are described.     

Rezensionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The theory of international trade among industrial Nations

Zusammenfassung Die Theorie des internationalen Handels zwischen Industriel?ndern. — Ein gro▾er Prozentsatz des internationalen Handels der Industriel?nder wird unter den Industriel?ndern abgewickelt. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt, da▾ die Neo-Technologietheorie und die Produktdifferenzierungstheorie des internationalen Handels von Industriegütern komplement?r sind. Sie werden hier zur Theorie der ?Linder-Güter? zusammengeführt. Diese Theorie wiederum mu▾ — wie dargelegt wird — in eine mehrdimensionale Faktorproportionentheorie integriert werden, wenn sie die Handelsstr?me zwischen den Industriel?ndern erkl?ren soll.

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R ésumé La théorie du commerce international parmi les nations industrielles. —Un grand pourcentage du commerce international total des pays industriels s'écoule avec des autres pays industriels. Cet article démontre que la néo-théorie de technologie et la théorie des biens différenciés du commerce international avec des biens manufacturiers sont des théories complémentaires. Elles sont fusionnées dans une théorie composée des ?biens Linder?. L'auteur démontre qu'il faut intégrer cette théorie avec une théorie multi-dimensionelle des proportions des facteurs si elle devrait expliquer les structures du commerce parmi les nations industrielles.

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Resumen La teoría del comercio internacional entre naciones industrializadas. — Un gran porcentaje del comercio internacional entre países industrializados se efectúa con otros países industrializados. Este artículo muestra que la neo-teoría tecnologia y la teoría de bienes diferenciados del comercio internacional en productos manufacturados son complementarias. Ellas se fusionan en una teoría compuesta de ?bienes de Linder?. Se muestra que esta teoría necesita ser integrada con una teoría de proporción de factores multidimensional si es que ha de considerar los patrones del comercio entre países industrializados.

     

The Wheat War of 1994

Following the signing of the 1989 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement, sales of Canadian wheat to the United States grew rapidly. This resulted in a series of trade disputes, culminating in an investigation by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) into the impacts of U.S. imports of Canadian wheat on the U.S. wheat farm program. A USITC finding of "material interference" would have led to a recommendation to implement tariffs or quantitative restrictions against Canadian wheat under Section 22 of the U.S. farm program legislation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) claimed such material interference, but the U.S. flour millers, pasta makers and grain handlers, along with Canadian grain industry interests, testified that the true effects of imports are in the order of one–tenth of the effects claimed by the USDA. USITC staff analysis led to intermediate estimates of effects. This study explores the impacts of Canada–U.S. wheat trade on U.S. wheat prices and program costs, explains some of the differences in measured effects, and reports the outcome of the dispute.     

Does the sophistication of use of unemployment insurance evolve with experience?

Abstract The subject of this paper is the repeat use of UI/EI benefits in Canada. The first objective is to investigate empirically the pattern of adjustment that UI users exhibit over a multiple claim horizon. Our secondary objective is to investigate a behavioural channel that might potentially underlie observed adjustment effects, namely, individual learning effects. We estimate an econometric model of how certain features of their claims change as they file subsequent claims. We find strong empirical patterns suggesting that there does appear to be some sort of an adjustment process; beneficiaries tend to approach a desired value for these particular facets of their UI claims. There appears to be some process of growing sophistication of UI use – which some might label ‘gaming the system’– reflecting the adjustment of claims and the concomitant employment patterns to the provisions and rules of the regime. We also uncover evidence in favour of the existence of individual learning effects.     

Assessing multi-dimensional performance: environmental and economic outcomes

This study examines economic performance, environmental performance, and regulatory activity for plants in three industries: pulp and paper, oil, and steel. Stochastic frontier production function models show significant deviations from production efficiency. Older plants are less efficient in production, but perform no worse on emissions. Plants spending more on pollution abatement tend to do worse on both production efficiency and emissions. Stricter local regulatory pressure is associated with somewhat lower emissions, but has mixed effects on production efficiency. Positive correlations between SUR residuals for emissions and production efficiency suggest unmeasured plant-level characteristics that drive both economic and environmental performance.

The determinants of Internet financial reporting

Responding to the widespread adoption of the Internet and the rapidly growing demands for information from stakeholders, corporations around the world are using the Internet for business and financial disclosures. Internet reporting has the benefits of low cost, wider reach, frequency and speed. Despite these benefits Internet reporting varies across companies and across countries. We study Internet financial reporting (IFR), in particular the presentation and content of IFR, of 660 large companies in 22 countries to identify the firm, and environmental determinants of IFR. The study revealed that firm size, listing on US stock exchanges and technology were firm specific determinants of IFR. Given that IFR is not just about the content of disclosure, but also about employing new presentation methods, the environment of disclosure was included in the research. The overarching disclosure environment of a country was found to be an important environmental driver for IFR presentation and less strongly for IFR content. The presentation aspect of IFR was more associated with the identified determinants than the content of IFR, which suggests that Internet presentation technologies were more related to the determinants than the content of the reports on the company Web sites.     

Heigh Ho,Heigh Ho: flexible labor contracts with real option characteristics

Business Economics - What is the strategic value of flexible labor contracts to workers? To answer this question, we examine workers’ labor supply decisions when choosing among alternative...