International capital mobility in a specific factor model

Conclusion This model provides a useful starting point for the study of international capital mobility in the context of a small, open economy. All causes of capital flows are readily uncovered. Factor substitution plays a limited role, leading to straightforward properties. Factor price equalization and reciprocity relations are found. Future research could investigate positive, but less than infinite, capital supply elasticity, due perhaps to a risk premium.     

Immigration,international capital flows,and long run income distribution in Canada

Conclusion This study derives long-run income distributional impacts of immigration and capital flows in a general equilibrium model of Canada. While each factor is its own enemy, results indicate that capital and skilled professional labor are enemies as well. Both of these productive inputs are friends of other labor groups, which are common enemies. Factor friendship patterns are useful in evaluating income distributional impacts of a variety of policies designed to influence the international flow of productive labor and capital.     

The magnitude and reliability of equity capital cost estimates: A statistical approach

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a simple technique of estimating the cost of equity capital as well as a statistical measure of its reliability. The approach specifies a probability structure that is readily estimated from company dividend data, and front that structure both the estimated cost of capital and its standard error are calculated.     

THE CHOICE AMONG DEBT,EQUITY, AND CONVERTIBLE BONDS

The hybrid nature of convertible bonds continues to interest corporate financial managers, investors, and economists. While much theoretical and empirical research examines an issuer's choice between using straight debt and equity, little research evaluates how an issuer chooses among debt, equity, and convertible bonds. This study extends Marsh's [ 13 ] research on the differences between debt and equity issuers in the United Kingdom by examining U.S. industrial firms that issue debt, equity, or convertible bonds. It also illustrates how various distinguishing features influence the probability that each security will be issued.     

Innovation and change in organizational relationships: interdisciplinary contexts

From July 13–15 of 1988 individuals from nine countries gathered at the Manchester Business School for the fifth international conference of INTERSTUDY (the International Association for the Study of Interdisciplinary Research). Entitled Interdisciplinary Research and the World Marketplace, the conference was co-sponsored by the Manchester Business School and the journal R&D MANAGEMENT. Founded in 1980, Inter-study has endeavoured to advance the art and science of IDR (interdisciplinary problem-focussed research) by organizing international meetings for representatives of the academy, industry, and government. Its major accomplishment has been publication of the results of those meetings in four books. These books, along with other publications in the growing field of IDR, provide a valuable collection of resources for scholars, managers, researchers, and practitioners.     

Consumer substitution decisions: an integrative framework

Substitution decisions have been examined from a variety of perspectives. The economics literature measures cross-price elasticity, operations research models optimal assortments, the psychology literature studies goals in conflict, and marketing research has examined substitution-in-use, brand switching, stockouts, and self-control. We integrate these perspectives into a common framework for understanding consumer substitution decisions; their specific drivers (availability of new alternatives, internal vs. external restrictions on choice); the moderating role of a consumer’s commitment to an initially desired alternative; and the affective, motivational, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes of substitution. We use this framework to recommend new avenues for research.     

Hospital Retailing

The United Kingdom 1988 Health and Medicine Act offered local Health Authorities the opportunity to generate income from commercial activities unrelated to health care. Retailing offers large income potential, and some Authorities are taking full advantage, employing commercial advisers or entering into agreements with retail developers and retailers to exploit this potential. The authors set out to discover whether there was much potential in hospital retailing, assess the views of the main interest groups involved (Health Authorities, retailers and customers) and see whether any guidelines could be suggested to aid Authorities and retailers considering taking this route. Their conclusion is that there is much potential since there are advantages for all three groups providing that customers requirements were met and that developers avoid an over-commercial environment in hospitals.