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981.
Michael A. Ellis 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2009,37(3):319-320
982.
Christine Piette Durrance 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2009,37(4):409-423
Many states have implemented some form of Any-Willing-Provider (AWP) legislation, which requires a managed care organization
(MCO) to accept any provider, who agrees to the managed care organization’s reimbursement rates, terms, and conditions, into
its network. AWP laws may result in larger networks, more patient choice, and greater competition among providers. Opponents
cite AWP legislation as prohibiting managed care organizations from selective contracting and obtaining discounts by offering
providers a larger volume of patients. Such legislation is therefore argued to prevent MCOs from effectively reducing health
care costs. A small literature exists on the effect of these laws on hospital expenditures, physician expenditures, and total
health care expenditures. Most studies, however, fail to recognize that the vast majority of the existing laws target pharmacies
exclusively, as opposed to more comprehensive laws that also apply to physicians and hospitals. If AWP legislation prevents
cost reduction available through selective contracting, then states with such legislation may incur higher health care expenditures.
I find that pharmacy-specific AWP legislation is associated with increased pharmaceutical expenditures. This result is robust
to several alternative specifications. 相似文献
983.
Der Matchpoint entscheidet über Sieg oder Niederlage. Match Point Management zeigt, wie man Krisen meistert, indem man gleichzeitig
Gewinn und Kosten verbessert — ohne in die Falle eines zyklischen Auf und Ab zu tappen. 相似文献
984.
985.
Jesse Russell 《Empirical Economics》2011,40(2):425-449
There have been a number of empirical attempts to account for variation in exchange rate regime choice, but these attempts
point in several directions and are not made sense of easily. One reason for the differences among studies is that standard
statistical techniques are unable to identify the nonlinear and contingent relationships among the factors that influence
the choice of exchange rate regime. This article utilizes a statistical technique that reveals complex nonlinear interactions
among variables. The analysis reveals that the influence of past inflation acts to condition the influence of labor market
rigidity and that political stability plays a key role for both high and low inflation countries. 相似文献
986.
Explicit matrix representations of solution concepts in a graph model of a multiple-decision-maker conflict with preference
uncertainty are developed. In a graph model, the relative preferences of each DM over the available states are crucial in
determining which states are stable according to any stability definition (solution concept). Unfortunately, it is often difficult
to obtain accurate preference information in practical cases, so models that allow preference uncertainty can be very useful.
In this work, stability definitions are extended to apply to graph models with this feature. The extension is easiest to implement
using the matrix representation of a conflict model, which was developed to ease the coding of logically-defined stability
definitions. Another benefit of matrix representation is that it facilitates modification and extension of the definitions. 相似文献
987.
Richard Winter 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(2):297-306
Understanding how the professional ideals and values of partners influence lawyers’ everyday life is a relatively unexplored
area given the inherent difficulties of gaining access to lawyers. This case study sheds light on the professional ideals
and ethical values of partners and lawyers in a mid-tier Sydney law firm. Semi-structured interviews with partners and lawyers/legal
clerks reveal how partners’ professional ideals and ethical values play a pivotal role in: (1) upholding positive normative
evaluations of lawyer/firm propriety (moral legitimacy), (2) stressing the importance of a balanced working life (cognitive
legitimacy) and (3) satisfying younger lawyers’ needs for personal support, autonomy and responsibility (pragmatic legitimacy).
The principled actions of partners are portrayed as the cornerstone of shaping a moral community in legal practise. 相似文献
988.
Patricia Rinwigati Waagstein 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(3):455-466
The adoption of the 2007 Indonesian Law No. 40 has created significant debate over the nature of Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR), namely, whether it is voluntary or mandatory. On the one hand, the adoption of such a law represents a legal recognition
of the existence of CSR, and this clarification on the legal nature of a concept is necessary for understanding the obligation
and responsibility. On the other hand, it has created much confusion surrounding its substance and procedures. This article
tries to analyze the development and consequences of CSR under 2007 Indonesian Law No. 40, through the discussion of mandatory
versus voluntary dichotomy. It is argued in this article that the mandatory nature of CSR is legitimate and therefore encouraged;
however, in practice, this is problematic, as it not only requires a precise concept of interpretation of CSR and identification
of the duty bearer and beneficiaries, but also an effective implementation mechanism and a means of verifying the impact. 相似文献
989.
This study develops a taxonomy of small- and medium-sized family firms that internationalise and discusses the different configurations of these firms based on firm culture (in terms of organisational orientations), firm strategy (in terms of differentiation, cost leadership and marketing standardisation) and firm structure (in terms of integration, centralisation and specialisation). Although the literature on international family firms has highlighted the significant role of organisational culture in firm internationalisation, the strategies and structures of international family firms and their consequences for performance have been disregarded. To examine the interplay of international family firm culture, strategy and structure, we employ a quantitative taxonomic approach that is rooted in configurational theory, analysing 504 Germany-based small- and medium-sized family firms. Different combinations of strategy, structure and culture result in different configurations of family firms and different levels of non-domestic performance. In considering these configurations, we aim to determine which combinations of strategies, structures and firm orientations are primarily applied by international family firms and whether these organisational configurations are successful. Our empirical findings suggest that there are four groups of firms: Domestic-Focussed Traditionalists, Global Standardisers, Multinational Adapters and Transnational Entrepreneurs. These configurations are clearly distinctive in terms of their structure, orientations and performance but differ less in terms of their strategies. Superior international (i.e. non-domestic) performance tends to be driven by a decentralised entrepreneurial approach. 相似文献
990.
Die Finanzkrise hat die ?ffentliche Aufmerksamkeit auf eine der Grundstützen des marktwirtschaftlichen Systems gerichtet:
das Vertrauen der Marktteilnehmer untereinander. Friedrich L. Sell und Marcus Wiens erl?utern die verschiedenen Sph?ren des
Vertrauens (Zweierbeziehung, Gruppe, gesamte Gesellschaft), welche Risiken mit dem Vertrauen verbunden sind und wie diese
überwunden werden k?nnen. 相似文献