House price appreciation,liquidity constraints,and second mortgages

This paper analyzes how households use second mortgages in response to shocks to housing wealth. Two related questions are examined: Do households use home equity in response to house price appreciation? Are liquidity constraints important for homeowners? A theoretical model shows that liquidity-constrained households respond more strongly to house price changes than unconstrained households. Using PSID, I find noteworthy differences in borrowing patterns of homeowners by the ratio of wealth to income. Low wealth-to-income homeowners exhibit a strong reaction to house price appreciation, whereas high wealth-to-income ones do not. The results indicate the importance of liquidity constraints among homeowners.     

电网企业开展节能调度的社会效益和经济风险研究

根据节能调度办法,在满足电网火电负荷及发电量不变的前提下,模拟节能调度对节能减排的影响以及电网企业购电费用的变化。以煤耗最低为约束目标,建立二次优化模型,在保证电网备用容量和各机组负荷分配限制的条件下,重新分配机组负荷,并在合理范围内调整各机组利用小时数,结合煤耗特性曲线和购电单价,分别计算总煤耗和购电费用。由此可以对比出计划调度和节能调度两种调度方式下,总的煤耗及污染物排放变化情况以及电网企业购电费用的变化情况,即分别为电网企业通过节能调度实现的社会效益和化解经济风险。研究表明,通过节能调度,可以实现节能减排的社会效益,但会增加电网企业经济风险。     

丹麦风电发展经验研究及借鉴

文章介绍了丹麦风电发展的现状,分析总结了丹麦风电发展的成功经验。结合我国风电发展的实际情况,提出了相关的建议,包括提高风机制造技术、发展海上风电、出台一系列电价优惠政策、建立科学合理的运作机制等方面的建议。     

2008年退耕还林农户社会经济效益监测报告

文章以1998～2008年全国100个退耕还林县的1165户退耕农户监测数据为基础,反映了延长期退耕补助政策落实和金融危机对退耕农户外出务工等情况,深入分析了10年退耕还林政策对农户的微观影响。研究结果表明:退耕还林政策对农户生计产生深刻影响,陡坡耕种大幅度减少,退耕补助显著增加农户收入,巩固退耕还林成果、增加农户收入面临农业直补等新挑战,国家应明确退耕还林在国家生态战略中的定位,实现农户增收与生态保护的长期双赢。     

电网建设项目融资租赁基准收益率的确定

在电网建设项目融资租赁中,出租人进行投资决策时首先面临的问题就是确定项目融资租赁的基准收益率。采用资本资产定价模型(CAPM)与加权平均资本成本法相结合的方法,计算出了电网建设项目融资租赁的基准收益率。该方法不但适用于电网建设项目融资租赁,同样适用于其他行业的融资租赁项目。     

企业文化改造对实施CRM的影响及分析

在许多中国企业还没有清楚理解和认识CRM的时候，它已经在中国掀起了继ERP后的又一新的浪潮，国内CRM软件供应商也如雨后春笋般随之出现。不可否认技术在CRM中的重要性，但技术只是使CRM正常实施的手段和因素之一。成功实施CRM的一个关键因素是使用CRM系统的人和正确的企业文化，本文将深入探讨企业文化改造对实施CRM的影响，提出以客户为中心的新型企业文化。     

Modeling the welfare effects of net neutrality regulation: A Comment on Economides and Tåg

In a recent article in Information Economics and Policy Economides and Tåg (2012), analyze a theoretical model of two-sided markets designed to assess the welfare effects of net neutrality. According to the model, the only unambiguous beneficiaries of net neutrality regulation are content providers. Consumers are unambiguously worse off under net neutrality, while the effect on platform operators is ambiguous. In the aggregate, net neutrality may be either surplus-enhancing or surplus-reducing, because the gains to content providers (and possibly platform operators) may or may not outweigh the losses to consumers (and possibly platform operators), depending on whether certain parameter restrictions are satisfied. However, these restrictions are difficult to interpret, given that the structural parameters lack real-world analogs. In this Comment, I demonstrate that the assumptions underlying the authors’ surplus-enhancing result imply a straightforward and testable hypothesis. Specifically, I show that the ratio of aggregate content provider profits to aggregate platform operator profits must be strictly less than 0.4 under net neutrality for the surplus-enhancing result to hold. For many parameter values, the upper bound to the profit ratio is significantly lower. Finally, I provide a brief empirical assessment of the relative profitability of content providers and ISPs. The balance of the empirical evidence reviewed provides little basis for assuming that the relative profitability constraint implied by the model is satisfied in practice.     

粗糙集应用于功能评价系数的确定

价值工程的功能评价系数已有多种传统确定方法,并应用于实践。但这些方法都反映了决策者对功能属性的主观判断。把粗糙集理论引入价值工程中,根据粗糙集理论的属性重要度来确定功能属性的权重,克服了传统方法确定权重的主观性,所得结果与传统方法相比,更为合理和更为客观。     

论现代企业治理的应用效应和实践思路

以企业治理新理念的产生背景为出发点,阐明了企业治理体系的基本内容与框架,分析了企业治理在应用中的积极影响与效应,并探讨了推进我国企业治理工作的思路。良好的公司治理是企业成功的必要条件,而不是充分条件,企业必须在规范与绩效之间取得良好的平衡,才能实现持续发展,而这种规范与绩效之平衡正是企业治理理念的核心与精髓所在。     

The effect of social connections on capital structure in supplier-customer relationships

Suppliers socially connected to major customers with relation-specific investments have higher leverage ratios compared to unconnected suppliers. The presence of connections partially reduces supplier underleverage observed in supplier-customer relationships with relation-specific investments. Consistent with the role of connections in bonding trading parties' commitment, connections to major customers help to increase customer purchases, and supplier leverage increases are primarily observed in firms with high intensity of customer purchases. Additionally, connected suppliers are associated with higher leverage primarily when information asymmetry between parties is high. Overall, connections help strengthening implicit contracts through establishing trust between trading parties.