Financial and external reporting research: the broadening corporate governance challenge

This study provides a critical examination of contemporary financial and external reporting research from a corporate governance perspective. Adopting Hines' social constructionist approach to financial reporting, the study investigates research into accounting publishing patterns, published reviews of major subject areas within financial and external reporting research, and interviews a sample of accounting professors in British universities. The findings reveal a strong North American economics and finance-based positivist influence, a largely uncritical acceptance of accounting's subservience to the demands of the market, a reluctance to engage major policy questions and broader reporting constituencies. These appear to be conditioned to a large degree by internal features and pressures within the academic research community. Evidence is presented for greater attention to major environmental shifts impacting accounting and communities globally, a reinvigoration of researchers' direct engagement with reporting constituents in the field, a revisiting of major accounting, business, social and environmental policy questions, and a preparedness to address today's major corporate governance concerns of communities and governments.     

论新企业会计准则环境下对会计人员职业素质的要求

新企业会计准则从2006年发布、2007年实施至今已执行了四年多。期间由于会计人员的职业素质仍然存在职业道德观念薄弱、专业知识水平不高、综合技能偏弱等原因,导致新会计准则在实际贯彻实施遇到了阻碍。本文在简要介绍新企业会计准则实施这一环境的基础上,根据新旧准则对经济业务核算方法差异的比较分析当前会计从业人员的职业素质存在的主要问题。主要从加强职业道德建设、提高会计人员的专业水平及强化会计职业的责任意识三个方面提出解决途径。以使新准则得到进一步顺利实施。     

Accounting's Latent Classicism: Revisiting Classical Management Origins

The historical classical management roots of contemporary accounting are still embedded in theory and practice, but invariably unacknowledged. This paper revisits the discourses and philosophies of three leading management writers generally regarded as proponents of scientific and classical management: Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and the longest standing advocate, Lyndall Urwick. The paper argues that traditionally Taylor has been regarded as the dominant influential figure on early management and later accounting theory, but that this reflects an inaccurate stereotyping that ignores the greater reflections in contemporary accounting of Fayol and Urwick. Their approaches to planning, control, and coordination, as well as their accounting and financial management philosophies are revisited. This examination aims to better recognize their contributions to the latent classicism that still pervades accounting thought and practice.     

Review and extension of Bhattacharyya's Modern Accounting Concepts in Kautilya's Arthasastra

This is a discussion of the theoretical aspects of accounting as they emerged in India during the Maurya period (c.321 BC to c.184 BC) in Kautilya's Arthasastra (c.300 BC) - the very first known treatise to deal with accounting aspects in the history of our discipline. Pertinent evidence can be found in an article by Choudhury (1982) and in Bhattacharyya's (1988) book, Modern Accounting Concepts in Kautilya's Arthasastra. This book, hardly known in Western accounting circles, claims that Kautilya's ancient treatise anticipated a series of 'modern' accounting concepts. These claims are here examined on the basis of the two standard translations of the Arthasastra, the original one by Shamasastry ([1915] 1967) and an extended one by Kangle (1963). Apart from some background material, the focus of this paper is on three aspects: (1) Kautilya's various types of income (including aspects of accounting for price changes, the distinction between real and fictitious holding gains, etc.) and their possible relation to modern concepts; (2) his classification of expenditures or costs (including possibly fixed vs variable costs); and (3) his notions of capital. These aspects indicate a surprisingly long-standing need for and possible use of relatively sophisticated accounting concepts. Thus Choudhury and, particularly, Battacharyya must be praised for drawing the attention of Western accountants to different aspects of an important ancient treatise. Yet Bhattacharyya (1988) deserves to be critically investigated and interpreted, not only from a Western point of view but also from the perspective of modern price-level accounting.     

论国际碳会计的最新发展及启示

近年来，由于温室气体（碳因子）排放，致使全球气候温暖化问题日趋严重，也使得企业与此相关的会计处理规范日趋紧迫，西方发达国家的相关机构及协会纷纷开展对碳会计规范的理论研究和实务推广。本文介绍了当前国际研究机构及相关研究者就碳会计规范所作的努力和最新进展，以期为我国碳会计体系构建提供借鉴。     

Industrial Pollution Linkages in North America: A Linear Analysis

In recent years, a surge of interest in the linkages between trade and the environment has occurred in the contexts of both regional and multilateral trade agreements. In this paper, we utilize a three-country, social accounting matrix (SAM) of the North American economy and data from the World Bank's Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) to conduct a linear multiplier analysis of industrial pollution linkages in North America. We provide estimates of both direct and indirect inter-country effects for a detailed set of industrial pollutants. The strongest linkages occur in the petroleum, chemicals, paper, base metals, and transportation equipment sectors.     

创新施工企业成本管理 扩大成本核算范围

在市场经济的今天,企业要生存、求发展就必须改进成本管理、取得成本优势,这就要求施工企业创新成本管理,进一步扩大成本核算范围。     

关于商业银行贷款减值拨备问题的思考

本文分析了有关贷款减值问题的国内、国际规则以及目前国内商业银行贷款减值的典型做法及其可能存在的问题,并在借鉴国际先进银行贷款减值的做法的基础上提出了对策与建议。     

Accounting and control in Barclays Bank (DCO): the lending to Africans episode

This paper analyses the accounting, control and operational consequences of a pre-independence experiment by Barclays Bank (DCO) in the British Nigerian colony to liberalize its credit policy towards Africans. This was partly an attempt to develop African business, an area previously neglected by foreign banks. The new policy also appeased Africans who believed that the colonial banks discriminated against them. This experiment resulted in 'alarming' bad debts and led to a reappraisal of the bank's accounting, control and operational procedures. The paper highlights the limitations of internal controls in an era of change.