创业者与风险投资者之间的合约设计

本文根据风险资本的性质和不完全合约理论,针对高技术企业融资过程中创业者和风险投资者之间的合约在融资期限、融资轮次、联合投资、监控力度、证券设计等方面的特征进行了论证和分析.     

Assessing Credit Rating Agencies by Bond Issuers and Institutional Investors

We examine how a sample of publicly traded corporate bond issuers and institutional investors assess the four major nationally recognized rating agencies and their role in capital markets. The results show that issuers and investors differ dramatically in their assessments about rating agencies. Specifically, the majority of institutional investors require only one rating when they buy rated corporate bonds, but most issuers obtain two or more ratings. Issuers and investors also differ in their assessments about whether ratings accurately reflect creditworthiness and timeliness. The results suggest that differences reflect the different roles that rating agencies provide in the market place.     

Using a Qualitative Approach to Gain Insights into the Business Ethics Experiences of Australian Managers in China

This study investigated the business ethics experiences of Australian managers in China, using qualitative methodology to identify themes. Thirty-one Australian managers who had spent on average 8.7 years working in business connected to China participated in in-depth interviews regarding their business ethics experiences in China. Commonly, managers identified issues relating to a broad spectrum which could be labelled "bribery and facilitation". Other repeated themes included requests for visa assistance, employee theft, nepotism and non-adherence to contractual obligations. This study has important implications for helping Australian managers improve the way they approach potential ethical situations in China. Four key coping strategies can be identified from the data: managers spoke of not compromising their own morals, of attempting to understand the motivation of Chinese colleagues, of talking to others and of adhering to company policy. These strategies suggest practical steps may be taken by organisations when training managers for business activities in China. In particular, structuring of mentoring relationships between experienced and less experienced practitioners may be of assistance. Cultural training for managers and clear company policy on contentious issues such as bribery may also be of benefit. The themes identified in the study also have implications for academics researching expatriate business peoples' experiences in China.     

浅谈我国海关风险管理模式的改进——从澳大利亚模式中得到的启示

当前,我国海关风险管理存在的问题,主要体现在一些海关人员对风险管理及其重要性认识不够深刻;风险管理工作没有形成科学系统的风险防范和控制模式;统一的风险管理信息化工作平台尚未形成,缺乏整合信息、掌握全局的运行戢体:实施风险管理的外部环境不够健全等方面.我国可借鉴澳大利亚海关风险管理模式,切实明确海关应风险管理目标,加大培训和宣传力度,加大应用计算机软件系统的开发进程,重视培养风险管理人才,以此来加强海关风险管理工作.