生态系统服务价值评价在土地规划环境影响评价中的应用

本文引入生态服务价值理论,尝试从生态系统服务价值变化的角度评价镇江市土地利用规划(1996～2010年)对区域生态环境的影响。结果表明,在实施土地利用规划的情况下,镇江市的生态服务功能价值将从1996年的7.91亿美元下降到2010年的7.75亿美元,镇江市土地利用规划将对区域生态环境带来负面影响,需要采取积极有效的措施降低对土地利用变化对生态环境的影响。     

从福利经济学的角度看生态系统服务功能

生态系统服务功能与人类福利之间存在着密切的联系。深入认识生态系统服务功能与人类福利之间的相互联系与相互作用,对于保护和持续利用生态系统服务功能,提高人类的福利,促进经济社会的可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文基于联合国“新千年生态系统评估”(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,MEA)项目的最新成果．系统分析了生态系统服务的内涵,从福利经济学的角度分析了生态系统服务与人类福利之间的关系,探讨了恢复和提高生态系统服务功能的主要措施。     

略论新疆资源开发和生态环境保护问题

本文针对新疆自然生态系统和自然资源的特点及开发利用中存在的问题，提出了合理开发利用的途径。     

义乌城市生态系统景观结构演变

利用1996、19992、0022、005年的义乌市遥感资料,对城市环线内的城市生态系统景观进行分类,用景观指数和转移矩阵分析法,在更宏观层次上分析了人类活动对城市生态系统景观格局的影响。结果表明,1996—2005年研究区自然景观减少了145.58hm2,年变化率2.05%,占研究区的百分比从8.95%下降到7.30%;半自然半人工景观减少了3 545.32hm2,变化量超过了1996年一半,年变化率6.17%,占研究区的百分比从72.33%下降到32.17%;人工景观增加了3 690.89hm2,年变化率24.82%,占研究区的百分比从18.72%上升到60.53%。研究区的城市生态系统景观演化就是自然景观和半自然半人工景观的“城市化”。     

创新生态系统的理论演进与热点前沿：一项文献计量分析研究

本文利用CiteSpace对Web of Science数据库中2001—2018年关于创新生态系统领域的已有研究进行文献计量分析。基于主题词共现分析结果,本文首先对创新生态系统的基础研究进行系统性梳理;其次,本文进一步追踪该领域2016—2018年期间的最新文献及其相关引用情况,基于文献共被引分析结果,归纳了三大研究前沿热点:"生态系统"反思及补充、系统风险预测及应对、系统成员行为与微观治理机制;最后,文章瞄准现有研究存在的不足,对未来研究提出合适的探索方向。     

探索云南生态省建设与生物资源开发

云南气候类型复杂多样,多样化的气候孕育了种类繁多的生物种群。在这个“生物资源王国”和“生物基因宝库”建设生态省,根本目的就是要通过这样一个载体把自然和人力资源整合在一起,将生态产业开发、生态人居和生态文化建设结合起来,积极促进经济、社会与环境之间的协调发展,统筹规划,并逐步走上生产发展、生活富裕和生态良好的文明发展道路,实现可持续发展。     

政治生态与政治文明的价值合理性形塑

政治文明起源于市民社会对政治国家的分离，它以对市民社会主体性地位的确认为基础，标志着民主、自由、平等、人性的解放及实现程度；政治文明越是向前发展，市民社会的自治程度越高，政治发展也就越是依赖于市民社会的社会性资源，政治文明的价值合法性危机也就越大；为此，必须从政治生态的理论视野出发寻求对政治合法性危机的可能性途径，形塑政治文明的价值合理性。     

Conservation finance and sustainable tourism: the acceptability of conservation fees to support the Tambopata National Reserve,Peru

Protected areas are key to the conservation of global biodiversity and ecosystem services; however, their success is contingent upon adequate funding. One possibility to increase funding for park management is to “sell” a wider suite of ecosystem services “produced” by protected areas, such as carbon sequestration. We conducted 420 tourist surveys to analyze willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem service benefits via a conservation fee in the Tambopata National Reserve in Peru. We also interviewed eight tour operators about their perceptions of the proposed fee. The average stated WTP was 15 USD. Sixty-six percent of tourists stated they would pay 10 USD or more, which, if actually paid, would have resulted in 318,000 USD for park management in 2015. Most respondents stated they would pay an additional fee if it supported biodiversity conservation or local ecosystem services, such as water, but less than 10% of tourists were motivated by carbon sequestration as a reason to pay the fee. Most tour operators supported the additional fee. Our findings suggest that tourists are willing to pay higher fees to support conservation but that interest in paying for additional ecosystem services from parks may not extend to global and intangible benefits such as carbon sequestration.     

How to overcome the implementation gap in ecosystem services? A user-friendly and inclusive tool for improved urban management

One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in concrete operational decision-making contexts; that is, an implementation gap. In this study, we investigated if this gap could be overcome through the use of open-source data and free tools, and the adoption of a short-term participatory process. We tested these methods in the context of a project in the urban metropolitan area of Bordeaux (Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux: CUB) in France. The ecosystem services were defined using a participatory approach involving local stakeholders, and then selected scenarios were simulated to test the impact of various development or conservation plans. The study addressed three main questions: (1) Is it possible to adopt a simple methodological approach that overcomes the implementation gap through the development of a user-friendly and inclusive method? (2) What is the added value of a participatory approach? (3) With regards to four scenarios in this territory, what are the ES trends in the selected biophysical and monetary indicators, and will knowledge of these trends help planners to shape a sustainable trajectory for the territory?     

Trade-off relationship between modern agriculture and biodiversity: Heavy consolidation work has a long-term negative impact on plant species diversity

Human-driven land-use changes often cause a decline in biodiversity. Although traditional agricultural practices maintained biodiversity at high levels, recent land-use changes may have negative consequences on species composition. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that land consolidation, which is a major recent land-use change in agricultural areas, decreases plant species diversity over the long term (the so-called negative legacy). To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationships between consolidated areas and the occurrence of threatened plant species across Japan and at the prefecture scale. Twenty-three threatened plant species were selected, all of which were formerly common. Our results show that areas containing records of threatened plant species rarely experienced consolidation at whole-country and prefectural scales. Breakdown analysis showed that unconsolidated agricultural areas contained significantly more threatened species than consolidated agricultural areas. These results suggest that threatened plant species require unconsolidated agricultural areas (i.e., these species could not grow in consolidated areas). Thus, we propose that consolidation history could be used as an indicator of the potential for biodiversity recovery. We also suggest that consolidated agricultural areas should be used for food production rather than for the restoration of biodiversity, for reasons of cost efficiency.