分税财政体制下的地方税体系健全探究

1994年税制改革并实行分税财政体制后建立起了现行地方税体系。随着我国经济体制改革的深入和经济建设的迅速发展,地方税体系在税权划分、税种设置及税收征管方面存在的问题日益显露。针对这些问题,在总结国外地方税体系建设经验基础上,结合我国的实际情况,提出相应健全措施。     

国际视域下的天津东疆港免退税政策的建议

天津东疆保税港区以其独特的地理位置、区位优势和政策环境优势为建立免税自由贸易港岛提供了有利条件。积极争取国家有关部门的支持,批准天津东疆保税港岛试行免税政策对天津成为以免税购物为主题的,融娱乐、休闲、购物于一体的国际知名旅游目的地具有里程碑意义,将会大大提升天津知名度和国际竞争力。本文通过对世界上其他国家和地区的现有＂离境退税＂政策和＂离岛免税＂政策进行分析,从中发现能促进东疆港免税购物成功发展的重要因素,并给出相关的对策建议。     

纳税信用管理与财政补贴效率

：基于新纳税信用管理的实施,采用双重差分法实证研究我国纳税信用管理对财政补贴效率的影响。结果发现：纳税信用管理能促进信用良好的企业获得财政补贴,并改善企业运用财政补贴的效果,有助于提高财政补贴的效率。机制分析显示,纳税信用管理通过信号传递机制和奖惩机制减少信息不对称,从而提高财政补贴的效率。此外,纳税信用管理对信用良好的中小企业、非国有企业获取财政补贴、运用财政补贴的效率有更大的积极作用,反映纳税信用管理通过改善财政补贴的效率也有助于提高财政补贴的公平性。     

Is the Sky the Limit? Can Japanese Government Bonds Continue to Defy Gravity?

This paper presents a simulation model based on the growth rate, the inflation rate, and the consumption tax rate in the future. Future tax revenues and fiscal expenditures are projected using regression models estimated from past data. The fiscal situation is called unsustainable if the outstanding amount of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) becomes higher than the level of private sector financial assets. We focus on the general account of the central government, which is the source of JGB issues. We find that the higher the economic growth, the more likely it is that the fiscal situation is sustainable. When a larger portion of interest income is reinvested in JGBs, the chance is higher that the fiscal situation is sustainable. Most importantly, raising the consumption tax to 20% guarantees fiscal sustainability in most cases. Our analysis shows that without a consumption tax hike beyond the 10% rate, a fiscal crisis will be almost a certainty, even with a real economic growth rate of 2% despite a shrinking labor force. A reasonably quick hike of the consumption tax, namely a hike by 1% a year, up to 20%, combined with high or moderate economic growth rates, seems to keep the economy out of a fiscal crisis, where a moderate growth rate is defined to be generated by a productivity increase per working‐age population of 1.9%, which was the average during the Koizumi years.     

营业税改征增值税的税率评估——基于可计算一般均衡模型的研究

营业税改征增值税是完善我国税制的一个重要举措,确定各个产业部门改征增值税后的税率是其中一个关键的环节。运用可计算一般均衡模型可以评估营业税改征增值税之后不同税率的选择对宏观经济和产业结构的影响。政策模拟的结果显示,目前正在实施的营业税改征增值税的试点方案权衡了对财政收入和经济增长以及经济结构的影响,是对经济运行影响较小的稳健选择。     

物业税改革对房地产价格的影响——基于2002~2011年中国省际面板数据的实证研究

基于供需视角,依据2002~2011年中国30个省（市、自治区）的面板数据,构建整体及东、中、西区域面板模型,分析了物业税对不同区域房价的影响。结果表明,物业税对房价具有抑制作用,且对各区域影响存在一定差异,鉴此,物业税应实行国际差异化。     

Does the WTO Increase Trade and Cause Convergence?

We study whether proximity to the nearest tax haven affects FDI and the number of American affiliates in a tax haven. Our results show that distance to the nearest tax haven is positively related to FDI inflows and the number of American affiliates in tax havens. These findings suggest that there is harmful competition between tax havens. We also find evidence of positive spillovers: the number of American affiliates in a tax haven is positively related to the number of affiliates in its closest neighboring tax haven. This suggests the presence of agglomeration benefits given there is an affiliate in a nearby tax haven.     

Tax competition with asymmetric market structures: The role of policy instruments*

We analyze the location choice of a multinational corporation (MNC) between two host countries with different market structures, i.e. the number of competing domestic firms in them. We consider the effects of import tariffs and lump-sum subsidies on the MNC's locational choice. Our findings include: (1) with lump-sum subsidy, the country with fewer firms always gets the MNC, (2) with tariffs, the country with more domestic firms gets the MNC when the export transportation cost is high and the domestic firms are sufficiently inefficient, while the country with fewer domestic firms wins the MNC when export transportation cost is low, and (3) the MNC location decision may crucially depend on which instrument is used to attract the MNC.     

Optimal taxation and growth with public goods and costly enforcement

This paper studies optimal direct and indirect taxation in an endogenous growth framework with a productive public good and costly tax collection. Optimal (growth-maximizing) tax rules are derived under exogenous collection costs. The optimal direct–indirect tax ratio is shown to be negatively related to the administrative costs of collecting these taxes, as documented in cross-country data. This result also holds under endogenous collection costs (with these costs inversely related to administrative spending on tax enforcement), but for these to generate significant effects on tax collection requires implausibly high degrees of efficiency in spending, or the allocation of a large fraction of resources to tax enforcement. Depending on how it is financed, the latter policy may entail adverse effects on growth. Improving ‘tax culture’ and the sense of civic duty through greater budgetary transparency may be a more effective policy to improve tax collection and promote economic growth.     

改进的区域旅游业碳足迹测度模型及张家界实证研究

将成分法和生命周期法结合运用,建立起区域旅游业温室气体排放的测算模型,将区域旅游业的碳足迹分为旅游开发过程中的碳足迹,旅游消费过程中的旅游交通碳足迹、旅游餐饮碳足迹、旅游购物碳足迹、旅游住宿碳足迹、旅游游览碳足迹、旅游娱乐碳足迹,旅游废弃物处理过程中的旅游用水碳足迹和旅游固体废弃物碳足迹,并对张家界旅游业碳足迹进行实证分析。结果表明,张家界的旅游业属于低碳旅游业。