中国对外直接投资对进出口贸易的影响分析

笔者在分析对外直接投资对进出口贸易影响机制的基础上,使用1993年～2009年中国对105个国家(地区)直接投资和进出口贸易的面板数据,应用动态VAR模型和面板格兰杰因果检验方法对我国的情况进行实证研究。结果表明:我国对外直接投资与出口及进口之间均存在双向格兰杰因果关系,对外直接投资是贸易创造型的,但这种创造效应还较为有限。因此,应积极发展对外直接投资,并发挥其与贸易的良性互动关系。     

中美两国间价格体系的动态传导机理

本文采用向量自回归模型和Granger因果关系检验,动态分析了中国与美国间价格体系的传导机理。结果表明:中美两国间的价格体系存在显著的动态传导关系;美国CPI和PPI波动对中国价格体系均具有较强的动态冲击,其中以PPI主导的正向传导特征明显,而CPI对中国价格体系的冲击路径则表现为差异性;中国CPI和PPI波动仅对美国PPI具有正向传导效应,但冲击影响的持续性明显较弱;与美国国内价格体系的传导特征不显著相比,中国国内价格体系在受到外部冲击时表现为明显的交互加强特征。因此,我国在政策制定过程中必须充分考虑外部价格冲击的影响,从而确保政策目标的顺利实现和经济的健康发展。     

我国居民收入与资产价格关系的实证研究

居民收入与资产价格之间到底存在怎样的关系是理论界广泛关注的问题。在中国当前特殊情况下,房地产和股票分别是两大具有代表性的实体资产与虚拟资产。本文基于较大期限跨度的数据,使用Jo-hansen协整检验和Granger因果关系检验方法,对居民收入和资产价格之间的关系进行实证研究。结论表明,居民收入提高不会导致实体资产价格上升,但会对虚拟资产价格产生一定的影响。基于此,现阶段国内要稳步发展房地产市场和股票市场,引导投资者合理投资,在提高居民收入时要注意促使居民扩大消费而不是追加投资。     

Exploring the causal relationships and allocation puzzle between portfolio investments and real sector growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

This study explores the causal dynamics and allocation puzzles between real sector growth and portfolio investments (equity and private debt) in Sub Saharan (SSA). We use growth in manufacturing, industry, agriculture, and services to capture the real sector and employ the two-step dynamic systems GMM model to establish our empirical relationships over the period 1980–2017. We found no evidence in support of the puzzle at the overall level of the real sector and portfolio investments. However, at a decomposed level, we established a bi-directional relationship of a positive association between debt flows and growth in agriculture and services, with no evidence of an allocation puzzle. Though we found a bi-directional association between debt and industrial growth, the association was detrimental in both directions. Finally, the study established a two-way inverse causality between equity flows and manufacturing growth. The paper provides a strong foundation for an additional source of financing, especially for the growth of the service and agriculture sectors. The findings also indicate complementary reactions between real sector growth and portfolio investments in SSA.     

Forecasting in social settings: The state of the art

This paper provides a non-systematic review of the progress of forecasting in social settings. It is aimed at someone outside the field of forecasting who wants to understand and appreciate the results of the M4 Competition, and forms a survey paper regarding the state of the art of this discipline. It discusses the recorded improvements in forecast accuracy over time, the need to capture forecast uncertainty, and things that can go wrong with predictions. Subsequently, the review classifies the knowledge achieved over recent years into (i) what we know, (ii) what we are not sure about, and (iii) what we don’t knowIn the first two areas, we explore the difference between explanation and prediction, the existence of an optimal model, the performance of machine learning methods on time series forecasting tasks, the difficulties of predicting non-stable environments, the performance of judgment, and the value added by exogenous variables. The article concludes with the importance of (thin and) fat tails, the challenges and advances in causal inference, and the role of luck.     

THE CIRCULAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INEQUALITY,LEVERAGE, AND FINANCIAL CRISES

In this paper, we put into perspective the recent literature which points to inequality as a possible cause of credit bubbles, by reintegrating it into a more general analysis on the two-way relationship between inequality and finance. We focus more specifically on situations where high inequalities and widespread access to credit coexist, and argue that, even when institutions maintain more or less equal access to finance, there may be a dynamic, positive circular relationship between inequality and financial development. However, even if there is some evidence in the literature of a positive causal impact of inequality on credit, this does not preclude other important, cofounding factors. The conclusions concerning the distributional impact of finance are more ambiguous. A survey of the empirical literature highlights several issues that must be tackled. First, endogeneity: reverse causality and coincidental factors are major concerns. Second, the choice of consistent measurements for the key variables (both credit and inequality) has strong empirical implications, and must be grounded on relevant theoretical channels. Third, those circular dynamics have substantial policy implications for emerging economies, since an increasing number face a joint increase in inequality and credit.     

中国服务贸易与货物贸易因果关系分析——基于误差修正模型的中美对比分析

运用时间序列分析和因果关系分析,对比分析中美两国各自货物贸易和服务贸易之间的延迟引导关系。协整分析和格兰杰因果关系检验结果明确了中国实现服务贸易与货物贸易可持续发展的内生性难题:中国服务出口的增长最终促进同时期货物出口的增长,与美国服务出口的增长最终促进同时期服务出口的增长这一内在动力差别较大。     

日本的能源风险、技术应用与技术进步机制

分散原油进口的国别结构对于保障一国能源安全具有重要战略意义.本文在“成本驱动型技术进步机制”理论的基础上,提出了短期“成本驱动型技术应用机制”和长期“风险驱动型技术进步机制”假说,并构建了一个包含能源进口的经济增长决定模型.利用日本1988年1月～2010年10月的月度数据,对工业总产值、原油进口的价格与数量以及原油进口地理集中度共4个变量进行了短期和长期Granger因果关系检验.经验性证据表明:日本同时存在着上述两种机制,无论在短期还是在长期内都足以抵消石油价格冲击的负效应,促进经济增长.茈外,日本调整原油进口地理集中度主要是控制原油进口数量的不确定性,而非原油进口价格波动的风险.本研究从一个崭新的视角解释了能源安全与经济效率的关系.     

金融危机前后全球主要股指间的影响机制比较

选取2005年～2010年间12个国家或地区股票指数为样本,在实证研究的基础上对金融危机前后股指间的关联特征进行对比讨论。研究结果表明：金融危机后,美国的股票市场在很大程度上受到其他国家的影响,欧洲国家股票市场与其它国家的联系变得紧密;一些新兴的经济体对世界股市的影响逐渐增强;中国一直处于被影响的边缘。     

互联网金融创新与商业银行经济发展的关系研究--基于省级面板数据的因果关系检验

基于我国2007年3月至2014年3月8年间23个省份所构成的省际面板数据,运用单位根检验、协整分析、误差项修正模型等对我国互联网金融创新与商业银行经济发展的长期与短期因果关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,互联网金融创新是未来商业银行经济发展的长期单向原因,并显现出其对传统商业银行金融模式的替代效应,但反之却不成立;二者之间从短期来看,并不具备显著的短期因果关系。