从日本对外贸易之“谜”看人民币升值

本文首先回顾了西方学者对日本外贸之“迷”的研究成果，然后基于发达国家间的一个双向贸易模型，从美日两国的产业技术创新、结构升级速度和居民的平均消费倾向不同的角度解释了1985年日元大幅升值后美国对日本的巨额贸易逆差却并没有得到有效消除的“谜团”，最后对比分析和预测了人民币升值给我国对外贸易带来的影响并提出了相关建议和应对策略。     

关于折旧的动态分析

固定资产折旧是经济管理中经常遇到的问题之一。本文通过动态分析与静态分析的比较研究，指出静态分析存在的局限性，阐明了动态分析可以克服静态分析存在的固定资产使用时期越长其收益越大的假象，从而更有利于领导正确决策。更符合经济管理之需要。     

当前价格总水平持续上涨的若干分析

价格总水平上涨的持续因素与启动因素是不同的,仅消除启动因素而忽视持续因素,将无法有效抑制价格总水平持续上涨。当前,实际利率不断下降并成为负利率,使投资需求不断增加,拉动了价格总水平的上涨,并将货币从金融投机领域转移到产品交易领域,为价格总水平持续上涨提供了货币支持。要抑制价格总水平持续上涨必须提高实际利率,而提高利率又会促使人民币升值,对出口造成不利影响。利率调整面临着两难的困境。为从根本上破解这一两难困境,必须进行相应的企业产权制度改革,以提高劳动者收入、扩大国内消费需求。     

论外在货币与内在货币界定标准的不一致

对于内在货币和外在货币的界定，经典文献提出了3个标准：发行者标准、债权标准，净财富标准，并认为这3个标准是内在一致的，即政府发行的货币既构成了持有者对政府的债权，同时又构成了社会净财富。本文研究表明，依据经典文献设定的这些判断标准，我们有时无法对外在货币和内在货币做出清晰的区分，即选3个标准并不是内在一致的。进一步研究表明，造成这3个界定标准内在不一致的原因在予没有将净财富区分为名义和实际净财富。     

Turkish college students’ attitudes towards money

This research was carried out with 300 Turkish college students in Ankara in order to investigate attitudes to money. The questionnaire was given to subjects from three different universities. The data were analysed by using explanatory variables, including gender, age and family type. Findings indicated that college students’ money attitudes relating to the past and future were linked to selected demographics, especially gender and age variables. The results of this study are important to the understanding of financial behaviour of college students and to enable professionals in the field of family and consumer sciences to be more effective in their advice and teaching.     

The role of the state and the hierarchy of money

This paper uses Minsky's definition of money as a two-sidedbalance sheet phenomenon to challenge many common positionson the nature, evolution and role of money. His definition isapplied to two opposing theories in the history of monetarydebates, and it is shown that the Chartalists (as opposed tothe Metallists) developed a general theory of money that canbe applied equally convincingly to the entire era of state money.This theory is then used to show that the state's power to makeand enforce tax laws renders its money the most acceptable formof debt within what can be considered a 'hierarchy' of monies.This leads to some important policy implications as well asa strengthening of the endogenous money position.     

存款乘数与商业银行经营

现金漏损是银行和公众重新分配银行的超额储备,改变的是银行的总储备或超额储备,丝毫不会改变存款乘数.存款乘数一定是总存款乘数,不能有部分存款乘数,如"支票存款乘数".银行的存款扩张,一靠准备,二靠乘数,存款乘数是准备制度基本约定的一个比率,既然乘数不能任意提高,就只有扩大准备一途可走,以存款负债形式从公众获得现金从理论上看是银行经营的最强方式.     

国企改革过程中社会保障体系的建立和完善

企业集生产和社会保障于一体,在市场经济条件下不仅严重影响企业的正常运作,而且产生了难以克服的外部不经济.建立现代企业制度,必须有与之相适应的社会保障体系.可通过借鉴西方国家的成功经验,改革我国的社会保险制度,实施有效的基金管理模式,建立统一的社会保障管理体制,以建立健全有中国特色的社会保障体系.     

光栅式齿轮单啮仪升级改造的设想

文章对CD320G-C光栅式齿轮单面啮合整体误差测量仪升级改造的可行性进行了分析,为充分利用旧设备和节约资金提供了一条有效途径。     

The Empirical Analysis of the Reason and the Influence of the Rapid Growth of Foreign Exchange Reserves in China

The fluctuation of Chinese foreign exchange （Forex） reserve is affected by those factors, such as the volume of the Balance of Payments, the M2, the balance of external debts and so on. In this paper, the author establishes a model for the fluctuation of China＇s official foreign exchange reserve with the method of econometrics, finding out that it is the surplus of the balance of payments that results in the rapid growth of foreign exchange reserves. Then, this paper uses substantial data to objectively demonstrate the negative impact of position for Forex purchase and its sterilization operation on monetary policy and the economic development of the diverse sectors and regions.