Does Increased Extraction of Natural Gas Reduce Carbon Emissions?

Without an international climate agreement, extraction of more natural gas could reduce emissions of CO₂ as more clean natural gas may drive out dirty coal and oil. Using a computable equilibrium model for the Western European electricity and natural gas markets, we examine whether increased extraction of natural gas in Norway reduces global emissions of CO₂. We find that both in the short run and in the long run total emissions are reduced if the additional quantity of natural gas is used in gas power production in Norway. If instead the additional quantity is exported directly, total emissions increase both in the short run and in the long run. However, if modest CO₂-taxes are imposed, increased extraction of natural gas will reduce CO₂ emissions also when the additional natural gas is exported directed.earlier version of this paper was presented at the 25th Annual IAEE International Conference in Aberdeen June 2002.     

水运交通节能效益评估

本文核算了1985～2000年我国内河水路货运交通的节能量,以及由此减排的主要大气污染物量。并通过合适的环境经济方法将节能物理量转化为货币量。结果表明:(1)相对于1980年我国水运能耗水平,1985～2000年我国水路货运业每年直接节约油品6200～9200吨,折合货币量1900万～2800万元;(2)若相对于汽车运输,我国水运每年直接节约油品9万～12万吨,折合2.5亿～3.2亿元。若从开源系统考虑,万元节约油品、减排污染物以及由此获得的经济收益量是其直接值的1.17～1.09倍。     

面向现代化大学建筑的空调系统节能技术

建筑节能一直都是世界各国所关注的焦点问题之一。在整个建筑系统中，空调系统的能耗尤为突出，约占整个建筑能耗的35％以上，因此研究空调系统的节能方案具有重要的社会意义和巨大的经济效益。通过对浙江大学紫金港校区现有空调系统设计、运行的调查分析，针对大学校园建筑的特点，就空调系统中节能技术推广和运用等问题进行了讨论。     

太阳能光伏产业可持续发展理论研究思考

从太阳能光伏产业发展出发,结合产业组织理论与可持续发展理论,提出太阳能光伏产业可持续发展理论研究体系,包括太阳能光伏产业可持续发展的基本内涵、资源配置、理论模式、运行机制等;我国太阳能光伏产业发展的物质基础、技术基础、现状、障碍及风险预测预警机制;从核心竞争力、核心技术研发及全球化等方面实现我国太阳能光伏产业可持续发展战略路径选择。太阳能光伏产业可持续发展理论的研究,对深化再生能源健康发展、规范可再生能源市场、保障能源安全、丰富产业经济学与能源经济学具有重要的理论与实践价值。     

Can innovation shocks determine CO2 emissions (CO2e) in the OECD economies? A new perspective

ABSTRACT

This study has attempted to address prior knowledge gaps in the environmental economics literature by integrating the innovation shocks into the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) equation for twenty-six OECD economies using data from 1990 to 2014. Foreign direct investment (FDI), exports (EXP), renewable energy consumption (REC), and GDP per capita were included as control variables. The results from multiple empirical analyses indicated that positive shocks to innovation improve, but the negative shocks disrupt environmental quality. Data analyses also showed that a positive correlation exists between income per capita of OECD economies. From the negative coefficient of income per capita (squared) and the existence of a negative nexus between FDI and CO2e, both the EKC and the Pollution Halo Hypothesis (PHH) were confirmed in sampled economies, respectively. The paper offers empirical support for the favourable impacts of REC on the quality of the environment and calls for the adoption of innovation shocks as a policy instrument to formulate better environmental policies for a sustainable future.     

从我国能源消费现状看建设资源节约型社会的必要性和紧迫性

本文根据大量最新统计资料，详细分析了我国的能源消费现状以及国际能源市场的最新变化，指出了我国建设资源节约型社会的必要性和紧迫性。针对建设资源节约型社会在能源领域的实现途径．本文随后给出了若干政策建议。     

清洁发展机制及其对我国可再生能源发电的启示

清洁发展机制（CDM）是近几年来国际社会的热门话题，本文从走循环经济道路和建立环境友好型社会出发，结合清洁发展机制，从各方面分析了我国可再生能源发电的现状和CDM项目的市场潜力及优势。进而根据目前我国CDM项目的开发情况分别从微观和宏观两个层面提出了一些建议，如选择合适的融资方式、强化政策体系的建设与创新、提高国际谈判能力和建立CDM联系机制等。     

中国能源消费与经济关系分析

足够的能源供应是经济可持续发展的基础。1952～2004年中国能源强度值在经历了长期而波动的高值状态后,从1977年开始逐年下降,能源强度值在1991年降至0.30tce/103yuan水平以下,到2004年仅为0.16tce/103yuan。作者分析了影响中国能源消费总量、GDP、能源强度值变化的因素,通过对各产业能源强度、中外能源强度、中外能源消费结构、中外产业结构对比,揭示了第二产业能源强度值过高及其过半的产业比重、以煤炭为主的能源消费结构都是中国能源强度值过高的根本原因。但是通过对各产业对经济增长的贡献分析,发现第二产业对经济增长的贡献强度要强于第三产业。因此,作者指出,在以经济目标为首要任务的现阶段,解决能源与经济的可持续发展的重点应放在第二产业能源强度值的降低,以及第二产业向第三产业的适当转移。     

需求势能理论在多级物流网络预选点中的应用

针对分销物流网络的特点,提出了基于服务时限的多级物流网络选址问题和选点思路,应用需求势能理论建立了多网点选址数学模型,并提出了详尽的求解方法和步骤。最后通过医药分销物流网络系统的实例分析,说明了该方法在网络选点过程中的模型化方法和求解步骤。     

Sectoral Energy- and Labour-Productivity Convergence

This paper empirically investigates the development of cross-country differences in energy- and labour productivity. The analysis is performed at a detailed sectoral level for 14 OECD countries, covering the period 1970–1997. A σ-convergence analysis reveals that the development over time of the cross-country variation in productivity performance differs across sectors as well as across different levels of aggregation. Both patterns of convergence as well as divergence are found. Cross-country variation of productivity levels is typically larger for energy than for labour. A β-convergence analysis provides support for the hypothesis that in most sectors lagging countries tend to catch up with technological leaders, in particular in terms of energy productivity. Moreover, the results show that convergence is conditional, meaning that productivity levels converge to country-specific steady states. Energy prices and wages are shown to positively affect energy- and labour-productivity growth, respectively. We also find evidence for the importance of economies of scale, whereas the investment share, openness and specialization play only a modest role in explaining cross-country variation in energy- and labour-productivity growth.