论教育普遍服务制度建设与农民反贫困

受教育水平决定了农民对新的技术、信息的反应速度与吸收应用能力,是关系农民职业选择能力的重要因素;教育对农民收入具有最高的边际收益的投入,教育投入是农民脱贫的重要手段。实证研究表明,教育是影响农民收入的最主要因素,提高农民收入应该制定教育普遍服务政策,确立我国教育普遍服务目标与水平,建立教育普遍服务基金,合理分配教育资源,并配合以相关政策措施,以促进农民收入可持续增长。     

商业银行贷款担保偏好行为与信贷交易成本

商业银行具有担保偏好行为,即偏好发放担保贷款.信贷交易存在很高的不确定性.银行为了降低不确定性,有两种方案可供选择:一是商业银行进行较强的筛选、监督和审查活动,获取企业的信息;二是商业银行依靠担保,节约筛选成本、监督成本和审查成本.有限理性的商业银行当然会选择后者.但是,担保行为不能完全替代银行的筛选、监督和审查活动,因为担保品本身也存在诸如价值波动等不确定性.     

企业竞争优势的根源——规模经济及其形成机制研究

从源头上梳理"规模经济"概念的形成与发展,区分单一产品、单个厂商和企业组织等三种不同层次的规模经济,继而对有关最小有效规模(MES)的研究进行论述后指出,形成规模经济效应的三个主要因素是技术创新、组织和管理、市场,这对我国企业和政府经济管理部门追求和利用规模经济效应、寻求和获得竞争优势有一定的借鉴作用.     

促进我国高等教育入学机会公平的财政政策研究——基于高等教育资源配置的角度

高等教育的入学机会不公平是高等教育不公平的重要表现.从资源配层面上,高等教育入学机会的不公平是由于国家建设的高校在区域间分配的不均、高等教育资金在校际间的分配不公平引起的.要解决高等教育资源配置的不均等,可采取加大对高等教育的财政投入、多渠道筹集融通资金、建立科学的转移支付制度等财政手段来优化高等教育的资源配王,促进高等教育入学机会的公平.     

Does population density matter in the process of matching heterogeneous job seekers and vacancies?

This paper studies the matching of job seekers and vacant jobs using data on local labour markets. We estimate differences in the ability of the local markets to form new matches and trace whether these differences can be explained by the differing population densities across markets or by the heterogeneity of job seekers measured by the distribution of their education level. We find that high-density areas are more efficient in forming matches than other areas despite frictions caused by the wider heterogeneity of job seekers in those areas than elsewhere.

The minority ethic: Rethinking religious denominations,minority status,and educational achievement across the globe

We test whether major religious denominations correlate with education in a uniform way across the world and the extent to which minority status contributes to the correlation. Using individual data from the World Values Survey for 77 countries, we first find that no denomination is consistently associated with education and, in fact, for each denomination we study there are countries where its correlation with education is significantly positive, significantly negative, or statistically insignificant. To explain this unexpected result, we relate our first finding to minority status and find that denominations that are a minority in a given country positively correlate with the level of education of their followers in that country. Both findings uphold a series of robustness checks, including changing the definition of minority religions, excluding outliers, and changing the measure of education.     

全面创新改革试验政策对科技成果转化的影响效应

以广东、安徽和四川全面创新改革试验区为研究对象,运用合成控制法,构造合成粤皖川、合成广东、合成安徽、合成四川,通过对比真实试验区技术市场成交额实际值与合成试验区技术市场成交额的反事实估计值,探讨全面创新改革试验政策对试验区科技成果转化的总体效应和个体效应。研究结果表明：全面创新改革试验政策总体上显著促进试验区省份科技成果转化,其中,全面创新改革试验政策对广东、四川科技成果转化具有显著促进效应,而对安徽科技成果转化的效应不显著;政策效应在政策实施当年即已显现,两年后明显增强;科技经费投入、经济规模、技术成熟度、人口集聚、产业结构、创新能力等因素对科技成果转化具有显著影响。     

《投资性房地产》准则使用的思考

投资性房地产是一个崭新的概念,投资性房地产准则的颁布对其在实务界中的应用和公允价值等方面进行了创新,在会计后续计量处理方面和企业内部控制和财务管理方面均会产生影响。     

Cost behavior and executive bonus compensation

Prior literature provides compelling evidence of an asymmetric relation between executive bonus compensation and earnings performance. In particular, this literature reports that compensation committees assign greater weight to good (positive) earnings performance than poor (negative) earnings performance. Taken together, the prior literature provides strong support for critics who claim that compensation committees blindly protect executives from earnings underperformance. We further examine this issue by investigating whether a firm's cost behavior (i.e., the relation between expenses and sales) provides an explanation for the apparent inefficiency in executive compensation contracts. Our evidence suggests that executives are rewarded more for increases in ROA that arise from normal cost behavior than other increases in ROA consistent with these increases being perceived as more persistent. In contrast, we do not find such a relationship for decreases in ROA which suggests that executives are largely shielded from decreases in ROA that follow normal cost behavior. We examine two factors suggested by the prior literature, expected future sales and the extent of capacity utilization, which may provide an explanation for why executives are shielded from normal cost behavior decreases in ROA. When these additional factors are included in our empirical models, our evidence suggests that the asymmetric relation between changes in CEO bonus compensation and increases and decreases in earnings performance documented in prior literature goes away. That is, our results suggest that compensation committees do not blindly protect executives for earnings underperformance. On the contrary, our evidence suggests that these committees take into account other non-earnings information when deciding how much weight to give to a decrease in earnings and that executive compensation may not be as inefficient as suggested by prior research.     

Accounting Students' IT Application Skills over a 10-year Period

This paper reports on the changing nature of a range of information technology (IT) application skills that students declare on entering an accounting degree over the period from 1996 to 2006. Accounting educators need to be aware of the IT skills students bring with them to university because of the implications this has for learning and teaching within the discipline and the importance of both general and specific IT skills within the practice and craft of accounting. Additionally, IT skills constitute a significant element within the portfolio of employability skills that are increasingly demanded by employers and emphasized within the overall Higher Education (HE) agenda. The analysis of students' reported IT application skills on entry to university, across a range of the most relevant areas of IT use in accounting, suggest that their skills have continued to improve over time. However, there are significant differential patterns of change through the years and within cohorts. The paper addresses the generalizability of these findings and discusses the implications of these factors for accounting educators, including the importance of recognising the differences that are potentially masked by the general increase in skills; the need for further research into the changing nature, and implications, of the gender gap in entrants' IT application skills; and the low levels of entrants' spreadsheet and database skills that are a cause for concern.