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101.
Food stamp recipients may lack access to larger stores, reducing the availability of nutritious food. Reliance on smaller stores may have undesirable impacts. Policy alternatives include limiting food stamp redemption to larger stores and subsidizing store development. I estimate that limiting redemption to supermarkets and grocery stores, or supermarkets alone, results in losses ranging from $499.2 million to $1.05 billion, or $1.17 billion to $2.44 billion (respectively) annual loss in food stamp recipient welfare nationwide. The impact of improving access is also significant, ranging from $333.6 million to $931.2 million. 相似文献
102.
网络营销的创新性质包括创新程度和创新效益两个方面。创新程度反映网络营销创新的影响力度,是过程性指标;创新效益反映网络营销的经济效应,是结果性指标。将创新度和效益度垂直相交构成一个二维平面,并将其分别划分为高低两个级别段,可形成四个定位模块,即触网型创新、网络实验型创新、网络营销专家和运营网络型创新。一般情况下,企业网络营销创新往往从触网型创新出发。进而上升到运营网络型创新阶段,但在网络营销实践中,某些创新运动并不是严格地起于触网型创新,而止于运营网络模型,更有逆向运行的情况存在。 相似文献
103.
We investigate how the elimination of intra-European exchange risk may affect international financial markets using a conditional version of the International CAPM. We estimate the EMU and non-EMU components of aggregate currency risk and document significant exposures to both. The premium for EMU risk is positive and associated with exposure to the French, Italian and Spanish currencies. The premium for non-EMU risk is consistently negative and accounts for most of the aggregate currency premiums. In the 1990s, exposures to EMU risk declined significantly while exposures to non-EMU risk increased. Hence the adoption of the Euro is unlikely to have a large impact on aggregate currency risk premiums. 相似文献
104.
In this paper a multi-factor generalization of Ho–Lee model is proposed. In sharp contrast to the classical Ho–Lee, this generalization
allows for those movements other than parallel shifts, while it still is described by a recombining tree, and is a process
with stationary independent increments to be compatible with principal component analysis. Based on the model, generalizations
of duration-based hedging are proposed. A continuous-time limit of the model is also discussed.
This research was supported by Open Research Center Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT, 2004–2008
and also by Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research (No. 18540146) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences. 相似文献
105.
106.
提出了重组专业化的变电检修总公司的战略思路,对电网企业与总公司之间发展新型关系进行了探讨,指出以战略思维构筑战略联盟,保持合作联盟,实现共赢与发展.分析虽是对检修体制改革,同时也是对安全生产管理体制的变革,有利于供电企业的安全生产管理. 相似文献
107.
Tuck Cheong Tang 《Japan and the World Economy》2004,16(4):487
The main objective of the present study is to examine empirically the long-run relation of broad money demand and its determinants in Japan. In contrast with previous study, the present study considers various components of final expenditure demand as determinants that are final consumption goods, expenditure on investment goods and exports. Using quarterly data over the period 1973Q1–2000Q2, the results of the bounds test [J. Appl. Econ. 16 (2001) 289] indicate a stable long-run relationship between demand of real M2 and its determinants. The empirical results also highlight that different domestic demand components yields different effects on Japanese broad money demand behavior. The estimated unrestricted error-correction model appears to track the data well and the results have important policy implications. 相似文献
108.
农村劳动力转移模型:基于中国制度背景的构造 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在对经典的农村劳动力流动模型进行理论梳理的基础上,引入中国的制度变量,试图构建适合中国制度背景的农村劳动力转移模型,同时,运用经验事实对其作进一步的实证检验,并分析了模型的政策含义。 相似文献
109.
Yujie Qi Zili Bai 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(5):19-25
This paper analyzes real estate market condition, studies key influencing factors to customer satisfaction, and presents corresponding customer satisfaction model and effective strategy framework, which are of significance to achieve customer loyalty and get competitive edge for real estate enterprises. 相似文献
110.
Li Wang 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(11):39-41
The paper develops an extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and puts forward the TAM-VCE conceptual model to explain the intention of intemet-based customer involvement in new product development (NPD). The findings will help enterprises design Virtual Customer Environments accepted by customer. 相似文献