On equitable social welfare functions satisfying the Weak Pareto Axiom: A complete characterization

The present paper examines the problem of aggregating infinite utility streams with a social welfare function that respects the Anonymity and Weak Pareto Axioms. The paper provides a complete characterization of domains (of the one period utilities) on which such an aggregation is possible. A social welfare function satisfying the Anonymity and Weak Pareto Axioms exists on precisely those domains that do not contain any set of the order type of the set of positive and negative integers. The criterion is applied to decide on possibility and impossibility results for a variety of domains. It is also used to provide an alternative formulation of the characterization result in terms of the accumulation points of the domain.     

UG参数化设计过程中的常见问题解析

对UG参数化设计的定义、方法进行简单介绍,主要对UG在参数化设计过程中的常见问题及注意要点进行分析讲解,并针对问题提出相应的解决方案。     

铝合金外窗质量控制要点及改进措施

近年来,铝合金窗越来越普遍用于住宅小区、办公大楼、公共场所等地。由于铝合金窗产品的质量问题直接涉及消费者的人身健康及财产安全,经常遇到质量投诉;根据多年的检测经验,对铝合金窗从设计到生产及安装过程中的控制要点及改进措施进行探讨。     

建立农民工社会保障：理论基点、实践难点及政策切入点

农民工是我国现阶段在农村劳动力向城镇转移过程中出现的一个庞大的特殊群体，农民工的社会保障是一个日益尖锐的特殊问题，正视它的存在并积极求索化解之道势在必行。文章在农民工社会保障理论基点的基础上，重点剖析了建立农民工社会保障存在的问题和障碍因素，并提出建立农民工社会保障的政策选择。     

Comment on: “Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution”

The methodology proposed in Flood and Rose [2005. Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution: a systematic exploration of idiosyncratic risk. Journal of Monetary Economics 52 (5) 951-969] fails to distinguish between the single unique marginal rate of substitution (MRS) process and the class of valid pricing kernels, of which the MRS is but a particular member. Thus, at best, this methodology explores the properties of some arbitrary pricing kernel, which may differ radically from the true MRS. Furthermore, the estimates of the expected MRS proposed by Flood and Rose [2005. Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution: a systematic exploration of idiosyncratic risk. Journal of Monetary Economics 52 (5) 951-969] are highly correlated with ex post shocks, implying that these estimates are not conditional expectations at all. The cure for this misspecification introduces additional econometric problems, suggesting that the model may, in practice, be poorly identified.     

Forecasting and turning point predictions in a Bayesian panel VAR model

We provide methods for forecasting variables and predicting turning points in panel Bayesian VARs. We specify a flexible model, which accounts for both interdependencies in the cross section and time variations in the parameters. Posterior distributions for the parameters are obtained for hierarchical and for Minnesota-type priors. Formulas for multistep, multiunit point and average forecasts are provided. An application to the problem of forecasting the growth rate of output and of predicting turning points in the G-7 illustrates the approach. A comparison with alternative forecasting methods is also provided.     

Stochastic equilibria of an asset pricing model with heterogeneous beliefs and random dividends

We investigate dynamical properties of a heterogeneous agent model with random dividends and further study the relationship between dynamical properties of the random model and those of the corresponding deterministic skeleton, which is obtained by setting the random dividends as their constant mean value. Based on our recent mathematical results, we prove the existence and stability of random fixed points as the perturbation intensity of random dividends is sufficiently small. Furthermore, we prove that the random fixed points converge almost surely to the corresponding fixed points of the deterministic skeleton as the perturbation intensity tends to zero. Moreover, simulations suggest similar behaviors in the case of more complicated attractors. Therefore, the corresponding deterministic skeleton is a good approximation of the random model with sufficiently small random perturbations of dividends. Given that dividends in real markets are generally very low, it is reasonable and significant to some extent to study the effects of heterogeneous agents’ behaviors on price fluctuations by the corresponding deterministic skeleton of the random model.     

关于对高职院校辅导员岗位工作的思考

高职院校辅导员工作经常存在的问题是：仅看到具体工作，缺乏全局意识；面广量大，很难面面俱到。涉及活动，容易出错等。而改进辅导员工作的重要措施应该包括以下几点：从大处着眼，小处着手；提高工作的预见性和计划性；工作踏实而周密严谨；并努力提高自身素质。     

对综合配套改革的几点思考

在改革攻坚阶段,最艰难和最重要的是进一步突破制度和机制的约束,推进综合配套改革,为业已建立的市场经济和开放型经济提供制度保证和支撑。因此,我们需要新的改革动力,新的改革思路,新的改革示范。综合配套改革是国家经济社会发展、实施改革开放战略的非常重大的战略布局,要继续为全国的经济体制改革、政治体制改革、文化体制改革和社会各方面的改革提供新的经验和思路。     

民营企业症结及化解

中国民营企业的高速发展是有目共睹的,然而由于主客观原因,民营企业的种种弊端同样不容忽视。尤其是最近以来,许多富豪纷纷落马,将民营企业的弊端无形中放大,而媒体爆炸性炒作更是将民营企业推向被讨伐的前台。本文主要探讨民营企业发展中出现问题及其化解办法。