挪威职业教育体系发展的现状与特点

通过研究挪威国家、郡、市三个不同层次的职业教育管理机构,了解其职业教育体制的基本组成部分,包括职业预备教育、高中阶段职业教育、学徒职业培训等,并且分析其职业教育发展的特点。借鉴挪威的经验,对于我国职业教育具有一定的理论价值与现实意义。     

Convention Site Selection Criteria Relevant to Secondary Convention Destinations

Abstract

This study utilizes a Likert scale attitudinal survey to assess the convention site selection preferences of association executives. The study looks at the importance of 31 site selection criteria and how the significance of these criteria is influenced by different association and convention characteristics. These analyses reveal a number of trends that are particularly relevant to smaller convention cities. The general finding suggests that while secondary convention destinations have advantages, they are not likely to be attractive to the more lucrative national and international gatherings unless they have an airport with direct flights from most major markets. Furthermore, those organizations whose geographic scopes are narrower might also be difficult to attract because they tend to have their conventions in the same, centrally located venue year after year.     

浅析肖邦夜曲的艺术特色

肖邦的大多数作品都笼罩在一层或浓或淡的忧郁之中,他以浪漫主义的艺术风格,描绘着大自然的夜色,也倾诉着作者心灵的话语,他的夜曲旋律恬静、优美、抒情。思想内容丰富而深刻,形式多样而色彩绚丽。在夜曲中,肖邦把他的整个心灵都打开了。在众多钢琴作品体裁中,夜曲可以说是他音乐创作中最精致的一组珍品。本文通过对肖邦夜曲作品的曲式结构、旋律、和声、节奏、音色等因素的详尽分析,透析了肖邦夜曲的艺术风格,从而使我们能更好的了解出肖邦夜曲的音乐内涵。     

LED芯片封装缺陷检测方法研究

LED封装工艺是影响LED功能的重要因素,基于封装工艺自身的原因,LED封装过程中存在着诸多缺陷。检测LED的支架回路光电流和通过非接触法的方法检测待测的LED光激励信号,也能够轻松实现引脚式封装LED芯片在压焊工序中和亚焊工序后的功能状态及封装缺陷的检测。     

Oil price shocks and credit spread: Structural effect and dynamic spillover

This study analyzes the heterogeneous response of U.S. credit spread to global oil price shocks by building an extended structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR), which can distinguish among the U.S. and non-US oil supply shocks, aggregated demand shocks and oil market-specific demand shocks behind the real oil prices. Meanwhile, a spillover index model developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) (hereafter D.Y. (2012)) is used to estimate the link between oil price shocks and the U.S. credit spread over time. The results show that (i) the credit spread does not respond to global oil supply shocks and non-US oil supply shocks, but has a negative reaction to the U.S. oil supply shocks, aggregate demand shocks, and oil-market-specific demand shocks. (ii) There exists a close connectedness between oil price shocks and the U.S. credit spread, and the link fluctuates cyclically and relates to the economic cycle and the U.S. shale oil revolution. (iii) The spillover from different oil price shocks to the U.S. credit spread shows significant heterogeneity over time. Our findings suggest that policymakers and investors can better track the U.S. credit spread changes using oil price information.     

What is behind low wages in central and eastern Europe?

This paper compares wages across Europe in relation to the characteristics of workers and firms, with a particular focus on wage levels in central and eastern European countries. Worker and workplace endowments can be taken as a proxy for labour productivity. We estimate the extent to which wage differences observed at an aggregate level can be related to the different compositions of workforces and workplaces, as well as the types of jobs conducted in separate countries. We also decompose the observed differences in returns on endowments by identifying the sectors and occupational categories that contribute most to the wage gaps observed at the aggregate level. The wage gaps in low-wage countries actually appear larger once differences in worker, work and workplace characteristics are controlled for. In contrast, the differences in wages between high-wage countries diminish when we control for these endowments. The wage gap between East and West thus seems to be explained by a much lower return on skills and other characteristics rather than by differences in the composition of workforces and firms. Sectoral and occupational analysis suggests that central and eastern European countries have developed a generalised low-cost and low-wage model, with relative returns particularly low on higher skills. There is much less wage disparity across European countries in more labour intensive and lower-paid services sectors, such as accommodation and food service activities. The magnitude of the wage gap seems to be driven by the relative position of sectors and occupations in high-wage countries.     

企业文化模式创新研究

在现代企业中，发展的动力取决于企业内部的活力，尤其是员工的内部潜力是否得到有效的挖掘。要深挖企业员工的潜力，我们就要创新企业文化的新模式，依靠企业文化推进思想政治工作，使二者相互作用，相互促进。通过亲情感化，企业员工能充分感觉到自身地位被认可、被尊重，员工主人翁责任感油然而生，企业员工的工作热情将得到极大的激发，企业活力进一步增强，企业发展的动力将会不断得到提升。     

How do European banks portray the effect of policy interest rates and prudential behavior on profitability?

European policy interest rates have been low and trending downwards for almost a decade now and expectations do not seem to change. Hence, in such an environment, this paper investigates whether and how banks’ prudential behavior has influenced profitability across the European banking sector from 1999 to 2015. Using a dynamic panel model, we clearly find that banks’ financial resilience, proxied by the asymmetric Z-score and two financial ratios, affects profits: more cautious banks record higher profits. This result is confirmed by the two overall measures of profitability, namely the Return on Average Assets and Equity, but not for the Net Interest Margins. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that monetary policy's main instrument adversely affects bank income. Nevertheless, when policy interest rates are particularly low, the effect on Net Interest Margin is still positive, while the effect on the overall profitability becomes negative. These results induce that European banks succeed in increasing their profitability despite a compression of their net interest income.     

桂林市乡村园林景观分布特征及评价研究

[目的]研究桂林乡村园林景观的空间分布特征并对其生态效益和美学效果进行评价,以期为桂林乡村园林的建设和发展提供参考。[方法]文章采用层次分析法,构建桂林市乡村园林景观评价指标体系,计算各区域的乡村园林景观综合评价指数并比较其差异。[结果]在园林景观评价体系中,美学效果的权重值要高于生态效益;在生态效益方面,植被覆盖率的权重值最大;在美学效果方面,景观类型丰富度的权重值最大。漓江山水生态型乡村景观分布区的景观综合评价指数远郊村镇景观型乡村景观分布区市郊园林社区型乡村景观分布区。[结论]桂林市乡村园林景观空间分布特征明显,漓江山水生态型乡村景观分布区的乡村园林生态效益发挥最好、景观美学功能的实现最突出,是桂林乡村园林景观发展的代表区域,极具发展潜力。     

Whether,when, and why functional company characteristics engender customer satisfaction and customer-company identification: The role of self-definitional needs

Beyond merely satisfying customers, companies are increasingly striving to build deeper and more meaningful customer relationships characterized by strong customer-company identification. However, whereas previous research has solely focused on symbolic drivers of identification, it remains unclear whether, when, and how managers can build on core functional company characteristics (i.e., quality, innovativeness, and price) to establish customer–company identification. The present study addresses these questions by developing a theoretical framework based on theoretical notions of social identity theory and the cue diagnosticity framework. Evidence from two field studies and one experimental study shows that functional company characteristics are not effective in creating customer–company identification per se, but that their influence depends on whether they match with a self-definitional need that is important to the customer (i.e., self-continuity, self-distinctiveness, or self-enhancement). The findings also reveal the underlying mechanism of this contingency by showing that a self-definitional need fosters customer–company identification because it strengthens the symbolic value of a matching functional characteristic. By identifying specific characteristic–need matches, this research offers novel insights into how managers can leverage functional company characteristics in their targeting and communication efforts to establish meaningful long-term relationships with customers.