约略现象探析--对精确数字的模糊理解的思考

何自然(2000)将精确数字的模糊理解这类特殊的模糊现象称为“约略”,而该文章以国内外学者在这方面的研究为基础,从抽象与具体、深层与表层的相对立和联系的角度出发,将约略放在模糊的连续统内来加以考虑,提出了数字在抽象的系统层面无模糊、而在人类认知的经验内作为认知参考点精确性都具有相对性的观点；从模糊限制语的模糊连续性出发,提出了用空模糊限制语来代替“约略”的设想。     

基于法源的股市制度主成分比较与因子回归分析

本文以50个国家和地区的股市作为研究样本,按照法源分类,对股东权利、债权人权利及宏观制度三类制度指标进行主成分比较、因子得分计算及其与股市发展的回归分析。结果发现:(1)英国法源的国家最为重视对股东权利的保护,德国法源的国家最为重视对债权人权利的保护,斯堪的纳维亚法源国家的宏观制度环境较好。就中国股市制度而言,比较重视股东权利保护,而债权人权利保护和宏观制度环境则相对较差。(2)在影响股市发展的诸多因素中,制度性因素至关重要;与“债权人权利指标”相比,“股东权利指标”和“宏观制度指标”对股市发展的影响则更为显著。     

债务融资治理效应对两权分离的影响——基于我国上市公司数据

以2005年-2009年的上市公司为样本,研究了负债融资与两权分离之间的关系,研究结果表明:我国上市公司的负债融资能够抑制过度投资行为、降低公司代理人成本。由于该结论是基于财务杠杆作为唯一治理变量得出的,使其对于债务融资治理低效率的原因解释不够充分。今后应重视债权与股权治理的互动关系以及财务杠杆的内生性等问题的研究。     

论一人公司债权人利益的法律保护

一人公司作为一种崭新的经济组织体,受到世界各国许多中小投资者的追捧。原因在于：投资者即能受到有限责任的特殊保护,又能实现一人对公司的绝对控制,从而实现投资者自身利益的最大化。顺应大的发展趋势,我国2005年公司法也引入了一人公司制度。但是,一人公司由于其股东的唯一性、结构的特殊性导致了许多制度与传统的公司法律制度理论相冲突;唯一股东很可能会滥用权力,由此给公司债权人带来极大的风险。因此,如何保护一人公司债权人的利益显得尤为重要。     

The Impact of Market Environment on Excess Capacity and the Cost of an Empty Hospital Bed

The health economics literature contains contradictory empirical findings regarding the cost of an empty hospital bed. Recent empirical studies which account for the endogeneity of reserve capacity produce high estimates of these costs, while earlier studies and industry experts maintain that empty beds are cheap. This paper provides evidence which helps to reconcile the controversy. The cost of excess bed capacity will depend upon staffing levels of different types of labor in the hospital. We provide a relationship between capacity utilization, productive efficiency, and the cost of empty beds, and then compare the utilization of bed capacity in four very different market environments. These are the highly regulated, public Norwegian hospitals, who face very little competitive pressure, and the unregulated, private California hospitals, divided into three groups with variation in ownership and competitive environment. We find considerable variation in input utilization and excess capacity, with different implications for the cost of empty beds across the hospital groups and their respective market environments. Our findings suggest that the cost of an empty bed varies with market conditions, hence the seemingly contradictory findings in the literature are to be expected. Our findings also suggest an interesting area of future research: the impact of managed care on reserve capacity in hospitals.     

欢美金融危机生成机理研究：基于文献综述的解释

银行体系创造并持有过多风险产品是本次金融危机产生的重要根源，而长期宽松的货币政策、资产证券化和欧美的银行治理模式是导致银行该行为的重要动力原因。本文试图通过回顾这三个方面相应的最新文献，并重点强调它们对银行行为的影响渠道和机制，希望能够加强对金融危机产生原因的理解。     

专用性投资、不完全契约与债权人财务

无论是从纵向的财务分层理论来看.还是从横向的利益相关者财务论来看.债权人财务明显都是缺位的,由于债权人对企业进行了专用性投资.作为非人力资本的债权人,就应该和所有者一道共同拥有对企业的剩余控制权.债权人财务是一种相机财务.当企业发生财务危机的时候,才有可能发生债权人利益受损的情况.这时企业的剩余索取权和剩余控制权就应该转移给债权人.相机财务的实施可以采取接管、重组或破产的方式.     

基于SEM的长沙城市空巢老人休闲生活满意度研究

为了进一步关注空巢老人精神生活,提高空巢老人休闲生活质量,本研究对292份调查数据分别进行探索性因子分析和结构方程模型验证性因子分析,描述了长沙空巢老人休闲生活基本状况,建立了空巢老人休闲生活满意度影响因素模型。研究发现,空巢老人休闲生活方式简单而具备一定地域特色,空巢老人休闲满意度高达88％;影响因素模型各检验统计量达到适配标准,模型拟合程度良好。休闲氛围、可进入性、客观成本以及社会地位等四个因子对空巢老人的休闲生活满意度具有较大影响。     

The (re‐)configuration of production and consumption in empty nest households/families

In this paper we examine how the complex relationship between consumption and production evolves in empty nest households as individuals reconstruct their sense of self during periods of major household change and role status transitions. Specifically, we seek to understand the “lived experience” of mothers as they negotiate the role status transition on entering the empty nest stage of family life, and thus to provide glimpses of how women manage production and consumption in order to create family life across a variety of diffused sites as their children move away from home. The main themes to emerge from the data are: the distress associated with this role status transition as women re‐evaluate their definition of the self and their mothering role; and the evolving role of enacting love and mothering as the emphasis changes, in many cases, from production‐led tasks to consumption‐based activities.