城投企业重组整合的“三去一降一补”效应——基于兰州市城投企业重组整合的案例研究

当前为了适应新时代城市建设目标任务,作为城市建设投融资主体的城投企业需要相应进行变革。2016年4月,兰州市政府主导对辖内两家市属城投企业实施重组整合,成为供给侧结构性改革背景下城投企业实施重组整合的先行者。本文在对比重组整合前企业所面临困境的基础上,通过系统分析全面反映出重组整合后兰州市城投企业在资源配置、化解库存、强化主业、降低成本、优化产品和服务供给等方面所产生的"三去一降一补"效应,论述了城投企业重组整合的作用及对城市建设供给侧结构性改革的意义。     

North American Integration and Monetary Policy Convergence: A Canadian Perspective

ABSTRACT

The overwhelming dependence of Canada and Mexico on their trade with the United States suggests that less exchange rate flexibility could benefit both countries. Yet, the central banks of Canada and Mexico argue that their policies of inflation targeting call for just the opposite. In the case of Canada and the United States, this article concludes that the occasional divergence in the two monetary policies cannot explain the exchange rate.

The alleged existence of a fundamental connection between the exchange rate and the international price of a given set of commodities is the usual explanation for this result. However, the evidence presented in this article suggests that the connection may be simply the result of a self-fulfilling prophecy and bandwagon expectations. This would imply that the case for exchange rate flexibility is overstated in the case of Canada.

RESUMEN. La abrumadora dependencia de Canadá y México de su comercio con los EE.UU., parece sugerir que podría ser ventajoso para ambos países que existiese una menor flexibilidad en la tasa cambiaria. No obstante, los bancos centrales de Canadá y México argumentan que las metas trazadas para sus políticas de inflación exigen justamente lo opuesto. Este artículo concluye que, en el caso de Canadá y los Estados Unidos, a menudo la divergencia en ambas políticas monetarias no consigue explicar el tipo de cambio.

Para justificar este resultado, generalmente se dice que la explicación reside en la presunta existencia de un vínculo esencial entre el tipo de cambio y el precio internacional de un conjunto de mercancías. Sin embargo, las pruebas presentadas en este artículo sugieren que dicho vínculo puede ser meramente resultado de una profecía que pregona su propio cumplimiento y una tonelada de expectativas. Esto implicaría que, en el caso de Canadá, opinar que debe existir mayor flexibilidad en el tipo de cambio es una posición exagerada.

RESUMO. A opressiva dependência do Canadá e do México de seu comércio com os Estados Unidos sugere que uma menor flexibilidade na taxa de câmbio poderia beneficiar ambos os países. No entanto, o banco central do Canadá e o do México argumentam que as metas traçadas para a sua política de inflação exigem exatamente o contrário. No caso do Canadá e dos Estados Unidos, o artigo conclui que a eventual divergência entre as duas políticas monetárias não explica a taxa de câmbio.

A justificativa para este resultado é a suposta existência de um forte vínculo entre a taxa de câmbio e o preço internacional de um determinado conjunto de mercadorias. A evidência apresentada neste artigo, contudo, indica que tal vínculo possa ser simplesmente o resultado de uma profecia auto-realizável e de muitas expectativas. Isto significaria que, no que diz respeito ao Canadá, o caso da flexibilização da taxa de câmbio é exagerado.     

The global financial crisis and integration in European retail banking

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to investigate the integration process within the European Union retail banking sector by analysing deposit and lending rates to the household sector during the period 2003–2011. Secondly, to assess the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the banking integration process, an area that is yet unexplored. An important contribution of the paper is the application of the recently developed Phillips and Sul (2007a) panel convergence methodology which has not hitherto been employed in this area. This method analyses the degree as well as the speed of convergence, identifies the presence of club formation, and measures the behaviour of each country’s transition path relative to the panel average. The empirical results point to the presence of convergence in all deposit and lending rates to the household sector up to 2007. In sharp contrast, the null of convergence is rejected in all deposit and credit markets after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis. These results show that the global crisis has had a detrimental effect on the banking integration process. We find some convergence in a few sub-clusters of countries but the rate of convergence is typically slow and several countries are identified as diverging altogether. In addition, we find that the credit market, in general, is far more heterogeneous than the savings market.     

Land administration for housing production: An approach for assessment

The integration of land administration processes and the collaboration of land agencies are considered essential for the effective delivery of developable land for housing production. The research upon which this paper is based investigates the interrelationship across land administration functions and between different levels of government in the management and delivery of land for housing production. It focuses on land management policies, land administration processes, and spatial data infrastructure, as they are related to housing production. The study starts from the premise that inadequate integration across land administration functions and between different levels of government impedes land delivery for housing production. Against this background, an assessment framework is proposed as a tool to assess the levels of integration. The parameters for the development of the framework are based on the extensive literature of past and present initiatives which focused on enhancing inter-agency collaboration. It is also supported by interviews with land agencies in the case study areas – Australia and Nigeria – to aggregate the common themes as observed in the literature. The assessment framework was evaluated through selected government departments and agencies. With this approach, the assessment framework develops into the land administration integration assessment matrix. The key consideration of the matrix is to assess the depth of inter-agency relationship ranging from information sharing to consultation, coordination of activities, joint management, partnership arrangement and formal merger of organisations.     

Beyond traditional paternalistic and developmental approaches to organizational change and human resource strategies

This paper assumes that a critical determinant of success in the repositioning of an organization's corporate and business strategies is the internal capability of the organization to implement change through an effective management process. To overcome entrenched interest groups, tender-minded, incremental approaches may be contrasted with the tough-minded strategic orientation of those who advocate radical change. The argument of this paper is that contingent rather than universalistic approaches are required. ‘Soft’ and ‘hard’ approaches are not irreconcilable but are rather parts of a broad set of contingent choices available to decision makers.     

合作社主导的农业一体化影响因素研究

本文以实地调研的141家合作社的数据资料为依据，其中，种植业类91家，养殖业类50家。应用二元Pmbit回归分析法，分别考察了影响这两类合作社主导的农业一体化（以下简称合作社一体化）发展的各种影响因素。结果表明，影响种植业类合作社的一体化发展的因素有：合作社的制度健全程度、收入、成员数量以及当地农业的专业化程度；影响养殖业类合作社一体化发展的因素有：合作社制度健全程度、政策支持程度和当地农业的商品化程度。根据实证研究结果，文章提出了相应的建议。     

国际产融结合模式比较分析及借鉴

产融结合问题是随着经济迅猛发展而逐渐被人们所重视的经济界的一个热门话题。产融结合对于社会的经济增长与发展,起着越来越重要的作用。通过对美国、日本、德国三国的产融结合模式的比较分析,并在对他国产融结合发展的经验和教训进行总结的基础上,提出了中国选择适合本国社会经济发展、具有鲜明特色的中国式的产融结合模式。     

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: INTERREGIONAL TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

Significant economic disparities among China's Eastern, Central, and Western regions pose unequivocal challenges to social equality and political stability in the country. A major impediment to economic development, especially in the poor, remote Western region, is the shortage of a transportation infrastructure. The Chinese government has committed to substantial investment for improving the accessibility of this vast, land-locked region as a mechanism for promoting its development. The paper examines the impacts of the intended transportation infrastructure build-up on the Western region's comparative advantage and its interregional trade. The World Trade Model is extended to represent this investment and applied to determine interregional trade in China based on region-specific technologies, factor endowments and prices, and consumption patterns as well as the capacities and costs of carrying goods among regions using the interregional transportation infrastructure in place in the base year of 1997 and that planned for 2010 and 2020. The model is implemented for three regions, 27 sectors, and seven factors. The results indicate that the planned infrastructure build-up will be cost-effective, will increase benefits especially for the Western region, and that it can conserve energy overall at given levels of demand but substitute oil for coal. Based on these and other model results, some recommendations are offered about strategies for regional development in China.     

Mispricing and lasting arbitrage between parallel markets in the Czech Republic

If co-existing parallel markets are efficient, then arbitrage will maintain a correct pricing relationship. A related question is whether two parallel emerging markets offering more or less the same securities but using different institutional designs, can behave as a single, fully integrated market. In this paper an explicit model of price convergence (with transaction costs) is introduced, in which price differences are studied using levels of arbitrage activity. For the empirical analysis two parallel markets in the Czech Republic are used — the Prague Stock Exchange (PSE) and the RMS (over-the-counter system). In particular, the degree of arbitrage activity is studied for different segments of the PSE and the evolution of arbitrage in the early history of these emerging markets. The empirical results provide evidence of market linkage for actively traded stocks. A significant relationship is found between the segment of the market to which a given firm belongs and the estimated level of arbitrage trading. Moreover, the level of arbitrage activity increases over time for all market segments, and as the markets mature, the differences among the segments gradually disappear.     

基于FDI转型下的长江三角洲区域合作

要进一步提高长江三角洲综合竞争力，除了要继续优化区域投资环境外，而且还要提高FDI的质量优势和绩效优势。加强区域合作是长江三角洲FDI转型和升级的基础，