An evaluation framework for land readjustment practices

Land readjustment (LR) is an important technique used in a variety of countries to realize the development plans by converting rural land into urban land and providing city infrastructure. Although the main aim and the processes are similar around the world, each country has a different degree of success in the application of LR, which reveals the need for a comprehensive evaluation. However, the research to date has generally tended to focus on describing the main concepts such as the usage, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the existing implementations rather than evaluating LR. A systematic approach, which provides an objective basis and removes subjectivity by identifying good practices and their indicators, is needed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the LR process. In this article, we analyzed a wide range of ISI journal articles on LR to establish a framework and a methodology that will help evaluate and compare the national LR processes. The main contribution of this article is to build an awareness for the establishment of an internationally agreed methodology to evaluate the performance of a country's LR in a systematical way, which is currently not available in the literature.     

Ecosystem services–biodiversity relationships depend on land use type in floodplain agroecosystems

Managing agricultural floodplains to meet present and future human requirements without jeopardizing biodiversity conservation is a challenge for land use planners and ecologists. This paper aims to disentangle the relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity in multifunctional landscapes, such as floodplain agroecosystems, by disaggregating their values across land use types. We measured eight ecosystem services (gas regulation, soil formation, nutrient regulation, habitat provision, food provision, raw materials production, education, and recreation) and six plant diversity indexes (richness, abundance, and true diversity for both plant species and growth forms) in seven land use types identified in the floodplain of the River Piedra (Spain). We observed that all land use types provided services to some extent, but each one was better at providing certain services. Natural or semi-natural habitats provided more services and hosted greater diversity than cultivated land use types. In addition, five diversity indexes were strongly correlated to at least three ecosystem services each one. Habitat provision and education were the ecosystem services positively correlating to most diversity indexes, whereas food provision was negatively correlated to all diversity indexes. Moreover, analyzing the interactions between ecosystem services and biodiversity across land use types, we observed that land use type was the controlling factor regarding the sign and significance of the interaction. The results of this study suggest that, in floodplains agroecosystems, a mosaic landscape of different land use types helps support ecosystem services and contributes to maintaining biodiversity while using local resources. Such land use policies might manage agricultural floodplains at the landscape scale while still being able to accommodate specific measures for each land use type. Moreover, riparian forests should be preserved and restored across the floodplain as they are hot spots for biodiversity and ecosystem services provision.     

Changes in farmers’ welfare from land requisition in the process of rapid urbanization

The marked impact of the welfare gap on total welfare within collectives has rarely, if at all, been addressed in traditional welfare theories and in Amartya Sen's theory of welfare functioning and capabilities. With this observation as our starting point, we constructed a research framework that combined welfare functioning, the welfare gap, and welfare capability to assess and analyze changes in the welfare of farmers whose land was requisitioned in Zhejiang province. The findings of our study were as follows. (1) The total welfare functioning of farmers whose land was requisitioned increased by 11.8% as a result of improvements in economic and dwelling conditions and community surroundings. However, social security and psychological conditions deteriorated. (2) Although total welfare functioning has improved, gaps are widening in the distribution of welfare functioning among farmers who underwent land requisition. This was evidenced by the increase of the weighted Gini coefficient, which rose from 0.26 to 0.32 after land requisition. (3) As a result of the improvement in welfare capability, a judgmental bias is evident when farmers assess whether they have gained or lost welfare after land requisition. We conclude that welfare studies should focus not only on the quantitative aspects of welfare distribution, but should also pay more attention to its fairness and impartiality. This can prevent social problems posed by an oversized welfare gap. Moreover, after land requisition, the government and community should provide education and training services, and the current one-time compensation model should be replaced by a lifelong compensation model. At the same time, endowment insurance should be extended in rural areas and urban medical insurance should be progressively incorporated into the social security benefits of farmers who have undergone land requisition.     

分析企业在江苏省典型秸秆收购模式中的角色

本文以提高江苏省秸秆规模化收集和储运效率为背景,从当前江苏省典型收购模式出发,结合整个收储运过程中存在的问题,发现企业在整个过程中所扮演角色的局限性。指出随着生物质能的应用逐渐成为一种必然趋势,企业作为最直接的参与者所应该承担的责任。企业应该顺应形势,在受政府扶持的同时,发挥主观能动性,合理转换角色,推动秸秆规模化收集和储运效率的提高。     

节能技术在建筑设备工程中的应用与探讨

伴随着我国经济高速发展、产业结构调整及世界性能源紧缺的大背景下,建筑节能已经成为建筑行业必须面对、考虑和解决的问题。本文从建筑设备工程所涉及的给排水管网系统的减压节流、水泵的变频控制,空气调节系统节能技术,电气系统节能技术等几方面进行阐述。节能技术在建筑设备工程中的应用与开展,有着重大的社会效益、经济效益和业主效益,同时也是社会和建筑行业发展的必然。     

Strange bedfellows or an aligning of values? Exploration of stakeholder values in an alliance of concerned citizens against coal seam gas mining

In the inter-stakeholder relations in environmental and natural resource management disputes, farmers and environmentalists have traditionally fallen along opposing lines arguably due to seemingly incompatible values and fundamental differences between the groups. However, the expansion of the coal seam gas (CSG) industry has resulted in outrage and opposition from farming groups, environmentalists, and communities, leading to an alliance of these “strange bedfellows”. This study explored the opposition movement to CSG in Australia with the use of techniques from social psychology to investigate whether shared values provided the common ground for the alliance. An online survey of values was conducted (N = 197) with members of the CSG opposition alliance. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that this alliance of stakeholders is comprised of two distinct sub-groups; farmers and environmentalists. The personal values of the respondents were highly inter-compatible, and aligned with social altruism. Sub-clusters were identified which corresponded with the extent to which respondents considered the CSG industry to impact on their lives. This research challenges the appropriateness of predetermined stakeholder classifications being applied to environmental and natural resource management issues, and highlights values as a relevant social factor in the cooperation potential of oft-conflicting stakeholder groups.     

Critical analysis of the official Greek urban planning indicators of private uses

The aim of the article is to review the official Greek target indicators, i.e. those standards that are included in the current planning legislation (Official Government Gazette 285/D/5.3, 2004), and are used for the planning of private uses, such as manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, offices, and housing. The article elaborates on the general typology of urban indicators and, more specifically, it addresses the methodology for the calculation of target indicators. Part of this methodology is utilized for the evaluation of the official target indicators that are currently in force. This evaluation is mainly based on the comparison of target indicators with the respective state indicators of years 2004, 2008, and 2012, and is carried out for each category of private urban uses separately. The article concludes on the inappropriateness of the values legislated as target indicators, and stresses the need for their immediate revision.     

南京国民政府前期中国农业合作金融的三层结构

南京国民政府前期，中国农业合作金融无论从参与主体、资金来源或贷款形式等各方面，都表现出多元化的特点。从层次上讲，此时期中国农业合作金融基本可分为三个层次：以农村信用合作社为主的各类合作金融组织构成体系的第一层次，成为农业合作金融的核心；各类合作指导机构除为合作组织提供资金支持之外，主要是在整个体系中起到内引外联的桥梁作用，构成合作金融体系的中间层次；商业与农业金融机构构成体系的外围，承担主要的资金供给任务。不同层次主体之间各有分工，但又有职能的交叉，形成农业合作金融体系的网状结构。     

基于Supermap和Google earth的城中村改造面积估算——以广州市海珠区为例

城中村多存在于经济发达的城市，广州是珠三角地区的发达城市之一，在广州市区内，共存在138个城中村。城中村的存在为广州市内广大的外来工作人员提供了价格低廉的住房。可是，近10年来，城中村的问题日益凸显，促使广州市政府对城中村进行大规模的整治和改造。对广州城中村的面积进行估算，能够得到广州城中村的面积、区位等数据。本文对广州城中村的面积估算方法进行探讨，并使用Supermap Deskpro软件和Google earth软件对广州市海珠区的城中村面积进行估算，从而了解广州城中村的规模、分布区位及其分布特征，为城中村的改造和整治提供基础数据。     

《高频电子线路》课程教学中的几个重要环节

《高频电子线路》课程是工程电子、通信类专业的一门重要专业基础课程,该课程主要学习通信系统中构成发射机、接收机的单元电路。文章针对学生学习高频电路困难的现状进行分析,从而探讨了在教学中如何从五个方面使学生对该课程产生兴趣并以清晰地思路学好本课程。