Intraday Lead-Lag Relationships Between the Futures-, Options and Stock Market

In rational, efficiently functioning and complete markets, returns on derivative and underlying securities should be perfectly contemporaneously correlated. Due to market imperfections, one of these markets may reflect information faster. The use of high-frequency data and the choice for a small unit time interval to measure these lead-lag relations comes at the cost of some or many missing observations, causing traditional estimators to either under- or overestimate covariances and correlations. We use a new estimator to estimate lead-lag relationships between the cash AEX index, options and futures. We find that futures returns lead both options and cash index returns by approximately 10 minutes. The relationship between options and the cash market is not completely unidirectional.     

Targeting Conservation Investments in Heterogeneous Landscapes: A Distance-Function Approach and Application to Watershed Management

To achieve an environmental objective at least cost, decision makers must integrate information about spatially variable biophysical and economic conditions. Although the biophysical attributes that contribute to an environmental outcome are often known, the way in which these attributes interact to produce the outcome is often unknown. We introduce a nonparametric conservation targeting approach that relies on distance functions to cost-efficiently allocate conservation funds. We apply the approach empirically to the case of conservation contracting for water-quality objectives. The contract portfolios derived from the application have many desirable properties, including intuitive appeal and robust performance across plausible parametric scoring measures.     

对纳税筹划问题的理性思考

纳税筹划近年来日益受到人们的关注,但国内研究多侧重于筹划策略和方法。本文试图从理论上对纳税筹划的必然性、可能性及其经济和社会效应进行较深入的探讨,完善纳税筹划的指导思想,纠正对其错误的认识。     

略论明代武当山香税的征收与管理

明代的香税以泰山和武当山的数量和影响为最。武当山香税的征收始于明孝宗弘治六年（1493年），是明代最早征收香税之地，由湖广布政司和提督太监委派的官员即均州千户所千户和太和宫提点负责。打着维修庙宇的旗号而征收的香税，在嘉靖以后还用于赈济灾荒，抵宗藩、官兵俸粮之不足等事项，正是明代中后期国家政治腐败、财政危机、加派风行的必然结果。     

小学生体型特征及其随年龄变化规律

该文对嘉兴市6个年级共600个小学生的人体测量数据，进行了统计分析，探讨了男女小学生体型随年龄变化的规律。     

关于实施增值税汇算清缴的探讨

现行的增值税征收方法,对年度内存货数量变化较大的一般纳税人企业来说还不够完善。该文从增值税的本质出发,对此进行了初步探讨,提出对增值税实施汇算清缴,以弥补其不足之处;同时设计了汇算清缴所需的会计处理方法和会计分录。     

跨国公司的国际避税与反避税

跨国公司运用其全球经营优势，利用各国之间存在的税收差异，在公司内部实行转移价格，进行国际避税，以求得最大的整体利益。研究跨国公司的避税方法，制定、完善我国的反避税法规并采取相应的措施有着非常重要的意义。     

A Note on adding-up restrictions when modelling trade flows

An ad hoc rule is often required when modelling trade in multi-country models to ensure that aggregate imports equal aggregate exports in volumes and values. This paper offers an approach that offers some advantages over current methods.     

Determinants of Current Account Imbalances in 16 OECD Countries: An Out-Of-Sample Perspective

We employ panel data as well as country-specific models to uncover empirically the determinants of current account imbalances. We find evidence of slope heterogeneity likely rendering the fixed-effect estimator inconsistent. Mean group estimation is followed to overcome the latter difficulty. Both estimation techniques are evaluated by means of in- and out-of-sample criteria. The mean group estimator outperforms the fixed-effect approach and, moreover, only three economic variables are found to impact on the current account balance significantly. These are the government budget balance, the domestic output gap and the changes of the terms of trade. We finally propose a parsimonious dynamic model of the current account, including only these variables and illustrate that it has similar predictive accuracy as country-specific benchmark models. JEL no. F32, C23, C53     

江苏省高级技能人才供需缺口原因与解决对策研究

随着江苏省经济的快速发展,高级技能人才供不应求的矛盾日益凸现.文章通过实地调研的方法,深入分析了其内在原因,在此基础上,有的放矢地提出企业、政府乃至全社会需要努力的方向,以期从根本上解决江苏省目前的高级技能人才供需缺口问题.