Economic and policy implications of spectrum license fee payment methods

This paper argues that “Do auctions raise consumer prices?” is a misleading question. License fee payment methods, rather than spectrum assignment methods, are key factors that bring forth different market outcomes in the wireless telecommunication industry. This paper analyzes and discusses the effects of three spectrum license fee payment methods—upfront lump-sum fees, royalties, and profit sharing—on economic efficiency, spectrum supply, and government revenue. Royalties create distortions in product and factor markets but can induce the government to increase spectrum supply and encourage firms’ investments. A caveat is that the analyses are based on the model assuming monopoly market and information certainty.     

Tourism publications as newly tradeable commodities: Academic performance,prestige, power,competition, constraints and consents

The politically powerful Academic Ranking of World Universities now includes tourism ranks and scores, calculated as sums of university-total weighted square-root ratios of four publication parameters. The algorithm is capable of local pairwise computational solutions. Publications are more valuable to lower-ranked universities, despite similar production costs. This creates opportunities for arbitrage, and pressures for trade and purchase. Currently, universities purchase publications through indirect mechanisms such as fractional, emeritus, adjunct, and visiting appointments and affiliations. Countries and universities that adopted systems for direct purchase of articles between universities would gain a significant competitive advantage. The most immediate opportunity, with no legal or ethical barriers, is for pay-per-article contracts with newly-retired but still productive tourism professors.     

The retention ability of the agricultural landscape in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín nuclear power plant and its changes since the 19th century

Drainage and loss of wetland sites is a major problem of the agricultural landscape, as it reduces the landscape’s ability to retain water, nutrients, matter, and minimize erosion. With this in mind, the issue of the ability of wet sites to retain radionuclides and contaminated water in the case of a radiation accident was studied. In 2013, field research examined the occurrence of wetland retention sites in the emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the Temelín nuclear power plant (NPP; Czech Republic). As data sources, wetland biotopes (European network Natura 2000) were considered; in addition, retention features were field mapped, i.e. landscape elements of a wetland nature not normally considered nationally significant for conservation. Within the emergency zone, 2854.7 ha of wetland biotopes were registered and 318.9 ha retention features mapped. Density of retention sites (in ha/km²) per cadastre (local administrative units) was used to represent their spatial distribution within the zone. For an assessment of possible revitalization measures, leading to an increase in the landscape’s retention ability, spatial changes in the area of retention sites between 2013 and the mid-19th century, a period before extensive drainage of landscape occurred and a simplification of its structure, were mapped. Historic land maps (The Imperial Obligatory Imprints of the Stable Cadastre) were used as a basis of information on the occurrence and area of fens and wet meadows (4771.5 ha).For spatial comparisons of drained and undrained landscape in the past and present, the density of retention sites per cadastre was calculated. In the mid-19th century, 80% of cadastres had a density of retention sites exceeded 5 ha/km²; in 2013 only 40% of cadastres achieved this. In the most part, drained areas of the zone belong to the central part (around the power plant), as well as the EPZ’s eastern and south-eastern regions. From the density maps of retention sites, as well as from the stable cadastre imprints, it is possible to identify areas and retention features suitable for wetland restoration, thus leading to an increase in the retention capacity of the landscape in terms of water and radionuclide retention. Suggestions as to how to restore and turn retention features into semi-natural wetlands, as well as integrating small wetlands into an agriculture landscape are outlined.     

国外管理理论建构研究述评:三种逻辑推理的视角

受"没有什么比好的理论更有用"理念驱动,国外组织与管理研究者愈加注重探究建构管理理论这一议题。由此形成的丰硕成果观点各异,甚至彼此矛盾,而现有按照西方哲学术语对其分类不易理解。据此,以演绎推理、归纳推理和溯因推理为主线索,将国外管理理论建构研究成果归集为3个脉络,分析其在研究逻辑、理论建构策略和理论贡献评价标准上的差异,比较各自适用条件和彼此借鉴行为,并揭示溯因推理在管理研究中的良好应用前景。     

Local perception of a regulatory order Closing down an abstraction point as a crisis indicator?

The closure of a drinking water catchment and deterioration of water quality raise questions about concepts such as water quality and territory. This prompts us to consider the interactions between resource and environmental policy, insofar as sensitivity to the standard of water used for human consumption is high and where its operation involves a large number of actors: state departments, public managers and private firms, land and water users and their representatives. Investigations by semi-directive interviews and surveys were conducted with users and water managers at three sites in Brittany (Finistère and in Ille-et-Vilaine) affected directly or indirectly by the Grenelle 1 bill. The results of the survey suggest that the crisis, if it exists, is attributed by the actors to the quantitative evolution of the resource and to regulations perceived as arbitrary in a context of poorly-controlled environmental dynamics. The socio-economic obstacles to quality improvement are frequently advanced in discussions, but management policies capable of removing these obstacles are very rarely mentioned. Instead, the stakeholders place their trust in technological solutions and work towards the political construction of functional solidarities.     

The role of multiple values in developing management accounting practices in hybrid organisations

The aim of this study is to investigate how multiple values in non-profit hybrid organisations influence the adoption of management accounting practices. The empirical analysis centres on hybrid organisations established as co-production and co-management initiatives in social care. Pragmatic constructivism, centred on the role of values, informs the empirical analysis. This research shows that management accounting practices can develop without conflicts when only some actors are interested in management and their values predominate, despite the coexistence of multiple and conflicting values. However, in this situation, where conflicts are eliminated, the validity of accounting is compromised, as it does not represent all values. The evidence of this lack of validity is clear when considering the poor development of management accounting practices and the inability to develop some relevant measures, such as outcome measures. When only some values predominate, the opportunity provided by the multiplicity of values to the development of management accounting practices is lost, and possible inefficiencies may emerge. The use of pragmatic constructivism shows that this lack of validity, determined by the non-integration of values, would be reduced by increasing the discussion among conflicting actors’ values. Findings suggest that the presence of conflicting values, that at first glance may be interpreted as an impediment, would, on the contrary, be useful to support accounting validity, when stimulating discussion. In this respect, conflicting values should work alongside communication, to include dimensions of reality.     

浅谈城市环境管理的专业执法与综合执法

章针对城市管理出现的脏、乱、差等问题，提出了专业执法与综合执法的解决思路，论述了两的关系，内容及执法程序等。     

晋城无烟煤矿业集团公司经营战略分析

章在运用战略管理的科学理论对晋煤集团公司的内外环境进行分析，确定其机会与挑战、优势与劣势，并以此进行公司经营战略的定位、制定和实施。     

Variability of User-Based Evaluative Standards for Backcountry Encounters

Backcountry visitors are often surveyed regarding their personal evaluative standards (or norms) for acceptable levels of encounters with other groups. In this study, backpackers at Grand Canyon National Park were asked about the acceptability of encounters at several times: at home prior to their trip, once each day during their trip, and at-home after their trip. Thus it was possible to assess spatial and temporal variability within individuals, as well as variation among individuals, in both the ability to provide a personal evaluative standard about number of encounters and the standard provided. Results suggest that backcountry visitors differentiate between zones in the Grand Canyon backcountry managed to provide diverse settings, including visitor density. However, there was substantial variation in the standards provided both among individuals and over time within individuals.