中国绿色技术创新效率异质性环境规制影响与时空跃迁研究

引导环境规制政策对绿色技术创新效率变革产生推动作用，可为经济高质量发展提供重要支撑。将命令控制型、市场激励型与公众参与型环境规制视为不可控制变量，构建动态SBM-DEA模型，考察异质性环境规制对绿色技术创新效率的影响，分析其动态演化特征及时空跃迁路径，揭示考虑和未考虑环境规制影响绿色技术创新效率的时空差异。结果发现：①异质性环境规制对2001-2018年中国绿色技术创新效率具有正向影响，影响作用存在地区差异性；②东部地区环境规制政策可以有效发挥市场机制和公众监督作用，中西部地区环境规制政策可以更好地发挥政府调控作用；③绿色技术创新效率时空演变具有持续优化、空间差异缩小等特征。为推动中国绿色技术创新均衡、高效发展，应重点制定相关策略以缩小南北地区绿色技术创新发展差距。     

Accounting comparability and relative performance evaluation by capital markets

This paper examines how accounting comparability affects the monitoring role and the risk allocation role of capital markets. We develop the statistical and informational properties of accounting reports under varying degrees of comparability. A perfectly comparable accounting information system enables investors to perfectly infer the difference between any two firms' future cash flows although investors remain uncertain about either firm's cash flow. Comparability alleviates entrepreneurs' moral hazard problem by strengthening the price response to the relative accounting performance, but can induce excessive price risk as well as residual systematic cash flow risk. Unlike the investors (users) who earn their surplus by bearing the residual systematic risk, the entrepreneurs (preparers) do not find perfect comparability desirable. Hence, a standard setter would mandate higher comparability than preferred by preparers, but not perfect comparability.     

Addressing negative product attribute reviews: The case of advertising product attributes and corporate social responsibility information

Negative product reviews are bad for businesses. They can adversely affect product sales, brand evaluations, and brand loyalty. To attend to negative reviews, one approach is through advertising products or company virtues. The current study examines the efficacy of different advertising approaches (core product attribute advertising vs. non-core product attribute advertising vs. corporate social responsibility [CSR] advertising) in helping dilute the negative effect of dissimilar negative product attribute reviews (negative core product attribute reviews vs. negative non-core product attribute reviews). Through four experiments, we found that when the non-core attribute of a product had negative reviews, a core attribute advertising approach weakened the effect of negative reviews. However, CSR advertising was less effective. Furthermore, when the core attributes of a product had negative reviews, a non-core attribute advertising effort did not weaken, but actually augmented the impact of negative reviews. In addition, when the core attributes of a product received negative reviews, CSR advertising decreased the influence of negative reviews. Our findings provide theoretical and managerial implications for managing negative online reviews of product attributes.