内生于农民专业合作社的资金互助社运行机制分析——基于不同经济发展程度的考察

资金互助社是农村正规金融供给不足的情况下民间内生自发金融创新产生的一种新的制度安排。合作社内部开展资金互助作为民间融资的一种形式是发展合作金融及破解农村金融问题的一种有益探索。基于不同经济发展程度,文章选取安徽省凤阳县燃灯社区黄张资金互助社和浙江省瑞安市农合畜禽产销专业合作社资金互助业务,分析合作社内部开展资金互助的组织优势及两个案例资金互助的运行机制。分析发现,农民组织化与关联性交易是黄张资金互助社有效运行的关键。从农合畜禽产销专业合作社的长远发展出发,外力介入资金互助业务有必要但需满足一定条件。     

Coordinating Effort under Team‐Based and Individual Incentives: An Experimental Analysis*

This paper explores the behavior of workers in an environment where it is efficient to engage in the mutual exchange of help. Experimental data show that output and workers' payoffs are greater under team‐based incentives than under individual incentives in an environment where coordination is difficult. However, when the environment is more conducive to coordination (that is, a setting where agents interact repeatedly), output and payoffs are greater under individual incentives. Manipulation of the amount of mutually observable information provides evidence that team‐based incentives, relative to individual incentives, create a more difficult coordination problem for workers and that cooperation requires a richer informational environment.     

中国渔业保险历史积累风险初探

本文通过简单回顾建国以来中国渔业保险的发展历程,重点对其历史积累风险进行分析,初步将其划分为渔业保险的风险起始期、积聚期和显现期这三大阶段,并对每一阶段的渔业风险特征进行了有益的探讨.通过时间序列分析,以期为中国渔业保险业的风险管理提供一个历史分析的视角.     

贫困村互助资金与农户正规金融、非正规金融:替代还是互补？

本文构建了农村金融市场不同部门之间替代或互补关系的理论模型,并基于三年数据,采用PSM-DID模型分析了三部门之间的关系。研究发现:贫困村互助资金与农村金融市场的正规金融、非正规金融部门之间存在替代关系,尤其是替代了非正规金融部门贷款,且这种替代关系在贫困群体以及消费性借贷中表现更突出。上述发现为合理引导农村合作金融组织发展、建立与完善农村金融市场等方面提供了实证依据。     

Decomposing mutual fund alpha into security selection and security weighting

I decompose mutual fund alpha into two components: which stocks a mutual fund selects and what weights are placed in those stocks. Although related, each decision has a distinguishable impact on portfolio alpha. I show that deciding how to weight securities is of greater importance than deciding which securities to select. The ability to generate weighting alpha persisting for 12 months while the ability to generate selecting alpha persists for just one. Finally, the performance of mutual funds that both accurately weight and select securities persists for one month and results in significant outperformance.     

Loss from the chasing of MAX stocks: Evidence from China

We evaluate the implications of the MAX effect in the Chinese financial market. First, the MAX effect prevails in China: A zero-cost MAX strategy, which goes long (short) stocks with the highest (lowest) maximum daily return in the prior month, generates significant losses over the full sample period. Second, further analysis on firm characteristics confirms that the MAX stocks exhibit lottery-like features, and the (negative) performance of the MAX strategy varies over time and is related to investor sentiment. Third, the MAX effect gets weaker after the introduction of short-selling in 2010. Finally, we document that there exists a reversed MAX effect among mutual funds, because a similarly implemented MAX strategy generates significant positive risk-adjusted returns among equity funds in China.     

Mutual fund selection for realistically short samples

Performance of mutual fund selection methods is typically assessed using long samples (long time series). We investigate how well the methods perform in shorter samples. We carry out an extensive simulation study based on empirically motivated skill distributions. For both short and long samples, we present evidence of large differences in performance between popular fund selection methods. In an empirical analysis, we show that the differences documented by the simulations are empirically relevant.     

Which is the best: A comparison of asset pricing factor models in Chinese mutual fund industry

Factor models are commonly used in estimating risk-adjusted fund performance. We compare the commonly used factor models in empirical asset pricing studies and find that Fama and French (2015) five-factor model outperforms other models in the Chinese mutual fund industry and in most fund segments. The factor models we tested are more effective in explaining the return of index funds than other types. Meanwhile, we also find that the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) better controls the estimated alpha dispersion than other models. Though most multifactor models including Carhart (1997) have higher R-squared than CAPM, the cross-sectional differences between them are not statistically significant.     

Coskewness timing ability in the mutual fund industry

The ability of mutual fund managers to time coskewness successfully can help them manage their portfolio’s exposure to potential losses and improve their fund’s performance. This study assesses whether mutual fund managers are able to manage the market exposure of their investment portfolios given a change in coskewness. We demonstrate that fund managers investing in Small Blend and Small Growth stocks possess the ability to time coskewness. On average, the fund managers of these two investment objectives increase the market exposures of their portfolios about 2.749 % and 1.340 %, respectively, based on their anticipations on future coskewness. Superiority is driven from the fact that the fund managers in small capitalization stocks are successfully able to manage the tail risk of their funds’ portfolios. The fund-by-fund results confirm that the number of individual funds succeeding in timing market skewness of the Small Blend and Small Growth investment objectives is larger than the remaining types. The main findings are robust when controlling for other types of timing ability, the periods of financial turbulence, and the construction of coskewness.     

Leverage constraints and asset prices: Insights from mutual fund risk taking

Prior theory suggests that time variation in the degree to which leverage constraints bind affects the pricing kernel. We propose a measure for this leverage constraint tightness by inverting the argument that constrained investors tilt their portfolios to riskier assets. We show that the average market beta of actively managed mutual funds—intermediaries facing leverage restrictions—captures their desire for leverage and thus the tightness of constraints. Consistent with theory, it strongly predicts returns of the betting-against-beta portfolio, and is a priced risk factor in the cross-section of mutual funds and stocks. Funds with low exposure to the factor outperform high-exposure funds by 5% annually, and for stocks this difference reaches 7%. Our results show that the tightness of leverage constraints has important implications for asset prices.