Geographical location and urbanisation of the Swedish manufacturing industry, 1900–1960: evidence from a new database

Abstract

This article introduces a new database, based on official statistics, of regional manufacturing industries in Sweden. We employ this database to examine the distribution of manufacturing activity across Swedish regions and cities, 1900–1960. Over this period we observe an increasing concentration of manufacturing activities, reaching a peak around 1940, across the northern, southern and western parts (NUTS-I areas) of Sweden. Over the same period, the North-South divide in terms of manufacturing employment grew larger. Across counties (NUTS-III) and cities we, however, observe two shorter periods of convergence of manufacturing activities, in the early twentieth century and in the post-war period, whereas the inter-war period was characterised by divergence. These developments occurred to the backdrop of the urbanisation of industry in Sweden, as the rural share of manufacturing employment declined from roughly 60 to 25% between 1900 and 1960. We also find that the regional patterns of individual industries over time followed different trajectories, suggesting that that the determinants of industry location differed significantly across industries.     

外商对华投资发展历程及在华四大经济区域投资差异分析

基于1992-2011年外商在华投资数据，阐述在华投资经历的四个阶段，从我国东部、中部、西部和东北四大经济区域看，各区域在外商投资企业数量和外商投资总额上存在着巨大差异，区域投资严重失衡。这主要是由于政策战略导向作用、区位差异和投资回报率存在差距造成的。提出加强人力资源队伍建设，充分利用区域资源优势吸引外资，不断完善引资政策等对策建议。     

Typologies of Banner Advertisements’ Attributes: A Content Analysis

The web has received significant amount of attention from advertising and consumer researchers investigating the impact of banner advertisement on consumers’ psychological and behavioral responses. However, no typology of banner advertisement has been identified yet, and the selection of banner advertisements as advertising stimuli has been carried out on the premise of personal judgment rather than scientific methodology. The identification of typology is important because different banner advertisement, such as static and pop-up, elicit different consumers’ responses. In addition the identification of a typology constitutes an advance to mid-range theory in a research domain. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify the typologies of banner advertisements’ attributes such as type, number, shape, location, and size using content analysis. Specifically, nine banner advertisement types are identified as well as the typology of number, shape, location, and size of banner advertisements. Contributions of the research are discussed.     

Attitudes of Restaurant Site Selection Executives Toward Various People Magnets

This study considers which types of traffic generators or magnets are preferred as site locations for various types of restaurants. Data collected from corporate executives responsible for site location of major restaurant franchises were subjected to statistical analysis regarding basic benefits and levels of service. The findings determined that restaurants prefer to locate near people magnets offering benefits and levels of service to consumers similar to their own offerings. In addition, various types of restaurants rank people magnets differently. The results of this study should be used as a practical guide to small independent restaurant entrepreneurs wishing to gain insight into the magnet preferences of the major chain franchises.     

农网10 kV配电线路拉线坑的定位计算

目前，农网完善工程中的10kV配电线路的施工过程要求，拉线与杆塔的夹角必须符合设计要求，从而保证在不同地形架设的架空线路杆塔稳定。对此，文章提出相应的拉线坑定位计算简易方法。     

Transportation rates and plant location in oligopolistic competition with sequential entry

This paper examines the impact of quantity-discounted transportation rates on location patterns of oligopolistic competition with sequential entry. When transportation rates are constant, Hwang and Mai (1990) show that the entrant locates at the same point as the existing firms if the production function exhibits constant returns to scale. The entrant will locate farther away from (closer to) the market than the existing firms do if the production function exhibits increasing (decreasing) returns to scale. This paper shows that Hwang and Mai's results need not hold when transportation rates are a function of quantity shipped and distance traveled.     

Trade and Market Liberalisation in Eastern Europe

SUMMARY

The question of why multinational companies (MNCs) choose to locate in one region rather than another has been an important topic in IB research for many years, but has recently received even more attention. This paper presents the results of an econometric investigation of the locational determinants of Italian firms in Central and Eastern Europe. Italian firms have been very active investors in the CEE countries. Our results broadly confirm the findings of previous studies, but we also find that both trade liberalisation and market liberalisation are important influences upon the location decision. If the CEE governments wish to attract further (Italian) foreign investment, then further liberalisation of their domestic economies should be a policy priority.     

港口区位价值理论探析

港口作为现代交通综合运输链的重要节点，正在成为开放带动型区域经济竞争优势的重要来源之一。港口的发展客观上受到发展与运营环境、需求环境、生产要素环境、支持环境、机会与政府六大要素的影响。充分考虑到港口区位、资源与能力及要素环境的改善，初步探讨了港口区位价值的内涵、影响因子体系、港口能力与竞争优势、港口区位价值金字塔模型等基本理论问题。     

基于重心法的农产品收购站选址问题研究——以海伦市共合镇甜菜种植区为例

以海伦市共合镇甜菜运输问题为研究对象，运用重心法对该镇甜菜收购站的选址问题进行优化研究，优化后原料收购站选址更加合理、有效缩短了甜菜的运输距离并降低了运输成本、提高了物流效率。     

An empirical analysis of tenant location patterns near department stores in planned regional shopping centers

The location of a store within a mall can affect the sales and profits of the store and its neighbors, and those of the mall׳s owner/developer. Because the interests of retail stores and the mall׳s owner/developer with respect to choice of location might not coincide, bargaining power might come into play. To assess empirically whether relative bargaining power as between a retail store and the mall owner/developer affects store location within a center, we focus on locations of stores near the department store tenants of malls. Department stores might have the bargaining power necessary to affect which tenants are chosen as neighbors of the department store.Using data collected from 148 regional shopping centers (malls) in 2007 in the five westernmost provinces of Canada, we examine the relationship between variables that reflect store location patterns near a department store׳s entrance, and variables associated with the bargaining power of developers. We find that the density of stores selling comparison shopping goods is larger near department stores within centers that are older or have a larger gross leasable area. In addition, such density is negatively related to the number of department stores contained in the center. Because a shopping center׳s age, gross leasable area, and the number of department stores in a center are expected to be associated with a developer׳s bargaining power, the above findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the store location patterns near department stores depend on the relative bargaining power of the developer and the department stores.