Multinational firms, international trade and international telecommunications

The study analyses the determinants of international telephone, telex, telegram and leased lines communication between the United States and 46 countries. It focusses on the role of multinational firms, international trading firms and new information technologies within the framework of the theory of transaction costs.Results of the econometric estimates suggest that: (a) technological conditions of telecommunication infrastructure, i.e., international diffusion lags of new information technologies, play an important role in the explanation of international telephone and telex telecommunication flows but not in the demand for telegraph and leased lines, (b) multinational firms use international telecommunication to reduce the coordination costs and are strong customers of leased lines and telephones, but less so of telex and telegrams, (c) international trading firms exhibit less clear preferences in the use of the different media to reduce transaction costs.     

基于GIS的露天煤矿区土地动态变化分析

本文选用1985年和2005年两期土地利用现状图,借助MAPGIS软件,采用单一土地利用动态度和综合土地利用动态度等指数模型,分析了安太堡露天煤矿1985～2005年土地利用类型的数量变化和空间变化特征。结果表明:(1)各类土地利用类型综合动态度为2.07%;(;2)安太堡露天煤矿20年来各类土地利用类型的增减在空间上存在快速的变化,通过统计分析显示,灌木林地、工业用地、裸土地增加迅速,而旱地、未成林地大幅度减少;(3)安太堡露天煤矿空间动态演变特点为空间扰动剧烈、地类变化明显、空间变化持续时间长。     

不确定性情况下的居民资产组合行为与中国金融结构变迁

转轨经济的一个显著特点是各项制度不断变化,制度变迁带来的不确定性对居民资产选择行为产生重要影响,进而影响和决定了金融结构的形成与变迁.     

泰国城市化过程及其启示

20世纪60年代以来,泰国经济迅速发展,但城市化的进程却相对滞后.由于历史、政策以及政治体制等多方面原因,泰国在城市化过程中出现了城乡发展不协调、城市规模等级体系畸形化、贫民窟等严重的城市问题.泰国城市化过程的经验和教训对如何实现城乡协调和可持续发展具有重要的借鉴意义.对于发展中国家城市化而言,政府更应该重视优化城市层级,赋予城市一定的自治权,尊重农民的地方性知识并努力缩小城乡教育水平的差距.     

从国营到国有——国家股转让效果分析

本文系统地研究了从1997年到2000年在上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所发生的国有资产局将控制权转让给国有独资企业和国有法人企业的案例数据。研究发现国家股控制权转让后公司业绩有了明显的改善,同时证券市场对国家股转让行为做出了积极的反应,产生了明显的超额收益。     

关于内部审计若干概念问题的探讨

随着内部审计的发展,其职能也随之扩展和延伸,本文综合分析了理论界对内部审计职能的认识和观点。在此基础上提出“管理绩效审计”这一概念。论证了“管理绩效审计”存在可能及其必要性。指出“管理绩效审计”涵盖了内部审计职能的各个方面,是内部审计的发展方向。     

人力资本与企业绩效关系的实证分析

国内外对企业绩效的实证研究主要是研究财务指标与企业绩效的关系,缺少对非财务指标的实证研究特别是人力资本与企业绩效关系的实证研究。本文选取反映人力资本的指标和反映企业绩效的指标,随机选取上市公司的数据进行多元回归分析,结果发现,员工高学历比例和员工专门技术人员比例,与企业绩效存在显著关系。笔者建议,要明确企业绩效与人力资本的关系,重视人力资本的作用,同时要结合行业特点和竞争程度综合考虑企业绩效。     

基于BSC的服务创新成长绩效评估

服务经济时代的全面来临,促使我们以一种全新的视角来关注和审视现代企业的服务创新.服务创新是企业实现跨越式发展的重要途径,服务创新的根本目的在于实现企业的可持续成长.通过引入BSC(平衡记分卡)测评工具,可建立起一个涵盖财务、客户、内部流程与组织学习等方面的服务创新成长绩效的综合评估框架和模型,该评估模型能够分析滞后型结果指标与领先型驱动指标之间的因果关系,从而为改进服务创新绩效指明控制关键.     

Climate Change Taxes and Energy Efficiency in Japan

In 2003 Japan proposed a Climate Change Tax to reduce its CO₂ emissions to the level required by the Kyoto Protocol. If implemented, the tax would be levied on fossil fuel use and the revenue distributed to encourage the purchase of energy efficient equipment. Analysis using the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model shows that this policy is unlikely to bring Japan into compliance with its Kyoto target unless the subsidy encourages improvement in energy intensity well beyond Japan’s recent historical experience. Similar demand-management programs in the US, where there has been extensive experience, have not been nearly as effective as they would need to be to achieve energy efficiency goals of the proposal. The Tax proposal also calls for limits on international emission trading. We find that this limit substantially affects costs of compliance. The welfare loss with full emissions trading is 1/6 that when Japan meets its target though domestic actions only, the carbon price is lower, and there is a smaller loss of energy-intensive exports. Japan can achieve substantial savings from emissions trading even under cases where, for example, the full amount of the Russian allowance is not available in international markets.     

Making green discourses matter in policy-making: Learning from discursive power struggles within the policy area of car taxation

This paper is about stability and change in the policy-making discourse of a traditional neoclassical policy area, the area of car taxation. Stability is here related to the unquestioned continuation of a traditional neoclassical economics perspective in policy-making, whereas change is related to the introduction and impact of environmental concerns. The aim of the paper is to investigate, what makes green discourses matter in traditional policy-making. It is based on an in-depth study of policy-making processes related to car taxation in two environmental front-runner countries, Sweden and Denmark.Making green discourses matter in policy-making is an important contemporary environmental challenge. Therefore, as Tian Shi argues, we need more research into the institutional setting of the policy-making process. Ecological economics as a policy science has to have a broad understanding of the political economic nature of the policy process. Taking this standpoint as the point of departure, the paper seeks to uncover questions such as, what is the policy-making reality in which Swedish and Danish green discourses have to make a difference? How do existing neoclassical regimes react, when green actors attempt to influence policy-making from an environmental point of view? And to what extent can green discourses actually have an impact on the policy world within the area of car taxation?The paper concludes that the traditional neoclassical economic discourse is particularly robust and resistant against alternative green discourses. Stability rather than change is the dominating picture. This does not imply that environmental concerns will not be taken into account in the future. Rather it implies that only the changes, which keep up the existing order, or enhance the narrow power-related interests of the dominating actors, will materialise more or less easily. The rest is a power struggle in which timing, coalition-building, persistence and thorough knowledge about the field in question is of importance. In this struggle change agents will also benefit from the ability to rethink dominating ways of thinking and doing in an environmentally benign way. A rethinking that is based on environmental values while at the same time holding positive visions that are ‘compatible’ with the existing dominating discourse.