利用数控宏程序加工多元素连接圆角

通过设定刀具半径补偿变量进行数学运算和逻辑运算,从而实现利用编制宏程序的方法加工多元素连接圆角。     

Management friendship and insider opportunism

This study documents a significant increase in both trading activity and profitability of opportunistic top managers when a CEO develops a strong connection with subordinate executives through co-opting the executives who share social ties with him/her. This baseline evidence is robust to endogeneity concerns, alternative measures of management connection and insider opportunism, as well as controlling for other CEO and board attributes. Further analyses reveal that interpersonal connections between top managers are more likely to increase opportunistic insider trading in firms with lower-quality voluntary disclosures, more sociable executives, and relaxing legal barriers to insider trades. Increased insider opportunism in response to the CEO’s connection with other top executives engenders less informative stock prices and depresses stock market liquidity. Finally, insider trades in firms with stronger management connection are more predictive of future stock returns.     

Political governance in China’s state-owned enterprises

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are both the economic and political bases of the Chinese Communist Party (the Party) and the Chinese state. The overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise system. This principle creates a political governance system in China’s SOEs—a Party-dominated governance system characterized by Party leadership, state ownership, Party cadre management, Party participation in corporate decision-making, and intra-Party supervision. This survey explains the logic of political governance in China’s SOEs, presents the evolution and current practices of each element of the system, and discusses findings from both academic research and the field.     

财政政策与政治效应:试论两税法在河朔藩镇的实施

由于魏博是河朔地区第一次实行“父死子继”的藩镇,为了取得唐廷支持,田悦表面上接受了德宗对该镇的黜陟,而资历与位望皆在田悦之上的成德节度使李宝臣与幽州节度使朱滔则可能没有配合黜陟之举。这也表明了建中年间在河朔地区推行两税法的失败。成德、幽州在穆宗朝的复叛使得两税在河朔的实施于顷刻间废止,两税在河朔实施始于长庆元年(821)也是不正确的。当然,建中元年(780)与长庆元年不能作为两税法在河朔实施的肇端,并不意味这两个年份在两税法实施的历史上没有特殊意义。建中元年两税法的推行显示了德宗黜陟天下藩镇的决心,长庆元年诏令的颁布则昭示了穆宗与群臣以为“河朔三镇复入提封”的政治心态。本文认为,魏博镇是实施过两税法的,但其肇端于何时没有直接资料坐实,而成德镇与幽州镇则没有任何资料坐实其实施过两税法。     

中国金融资源城乡配置差异的政治经济学分析

中国的金融制度安排是内生于经济转轨时期的政府给予经济改革中的利益受损集团以利益补偿的需要。在这种内生性金融制度安排下,金融资源配置不可避免的具有强烈的政府偏好,导致了金融资源配置的城市化倾向。同时,政府为维系这种金融制度安排所内生出的利率抑制、垄断的银行结构和被抑制的农村金融等特征也必然加剧金融资源配置的城市化倾向和农村金融资源的外流。     

资源供给冲击与宏观经济波动--重新理解中国经济增长

本文根据中国经济自1998年以来的发展状况，提出了一个基于“政策冲击”的新型供给冲击假说——“资源供给冲击假说”，并尝试从资源供给冲击的角度重新理解中国经济在近年来所发生的一系列变化。本文指出，正是由于资源供给的正向冲击以及由此所引起的（负向或正向）需求冲击的综合作用，才构成了1998年以后中国经济的整个演变过程。1998年以后出现的所谓“缩长”现象，很大程度上可以通过资源供给冲击加以解释。正向资源供给冲击也是解释本轮投资扩张的重要原因。但是，由于正向资源供给冲击是以资源和要素所有者（或原使用者）的收入损失为代价，由此导致的负向需求冲击对经济发展的消极影响不容忽视。     

层次分析法在企业偿债能力综合评价中的应用

企业偿债能力的分析与评价对企业众多利益相关者有着极其重要的意义。但是从目前对企业偿债能力的分析体系来看,大多都是通过对单个比率指标进行分析。借助AHP法和灰色关联度的思想,试对各个具有一定关系的指标进行综合,以达到综合评价企业偿债能力的目的。     

Economic, organizational, and political influences on biases in forecasting state sales tax receipts

This paper investigates factors influencing fixed bias in forecasting state sales taxes revenues. By extending an existing model used to explain forecast accuracy to include a series of complex interactions related to the potential political and policy use of revenue forecasts, the paper extends our understanding of the forecasting process in government. Exploratory empirical analysis based on survey data is used to provide evidence that bias in forecasting results, at least in part, from political and policy manipulation. There is also evidence that institutional reforms associated with ‘good management’ practices affect forecast bias, but in complex ways depending upon the extent to which political competition exists within the state.     

发电机转子注入式保护方案研究

文章介绍了一种不依赖自身电量的注入式转子接地保护的新方案,分析表明该方案有较好的故障反映能力。其特点是,在机组停机情况下能够检测出转子接地情况,克服了常规乒乓式原理在机组停机情况下无法运作的缺点。在实验室中的试验结果表明理论与实验相符。     

Harnessing the political economy of environmental policy: David Pearce’s contribution to OECD

During 34 years, David Pearce made major contribution to OECD work on environmental economic issues, with a particular focus on cost–benefit analysis, economic instruments, biodiversity and distributive issues. This article provides a brief review of David Pearce’s contributions. This work was particularly useful in enhancing the political economy of environmental policy which is at the core of OECD work. The opinions expressed in this paper reflect the author’s perception of this long history of the development of environmental economics at OECD; it does not necessarily reflect the views of the OECD and its member countries. Many thanks to Jonathan Fisher, Nick Johnstone and Michel Potier for their comments on an earlier draft.