论骗取出口退税款的破产清偿顺位

债务人因骗取出口退税款将承担行政处罚责任与刑事责任。税务机关、司法机关在其破产程序中一般享有追缴金、行政罚款、刑事罚金请求权。追缴金本质上为已入库税款。针对债务人设立专用退税账户接受税务机关退税划拨的情形,税务机关可以通过行使专户中的取回权实现追缴金的受偿。在退税款与债务人其他财产混同的情况下,税务机关在债务人破产程序中主张追缴金请求权的性质为公法不当得利请求权,应当选择归入税收优先权的序列在债务人破产财产中受偿。对于债务人破产程序中的行政罚款、刑事罚金适宜作为劣后债权进行清偿。在破产程序结束后,无法受偿的行政罚款、刑事罚金部分应当依法获得免除。     

管理层权力、大股东掏空对真实盈余管理的影响研究

基于A股上市公司2009-2014年的数据,论文研究了管理层权力、大股东掏空对真实盈余管理的影响。研究结果表明：管理层权力与真实盈余管理正相关;大股东掏空引发其与管理层的合谋,对管理层权力与真实盈余管理的正相关关系起到正向调节作用;同时,管理层权力与真实盈余管理的正相关关系及大股东掏空的正向调节作用在国有企业比非国有企业显著。     

Does trade openness contribute to food security? A dynamic panel analysis

Despite significant progress in the fight against hunger during the last decades, food insecurity remains a major problem in many countries, especially developing ones. In this study, we use a large cross-country data to investigate the impact of trade openness and other factors on food security, measured by dietary energy consumption. We employ a system GMM approach to account for unobserved heterogeneity, correlated individual effects and potential endogeneity of the explanatory variables. The empirical results reveal that trade openness and economic growth exert positive and significant impacts on dietary energy consumption, and also contribute to improvements in dietary diversity. The results are robust to the inclusion of additional variables capturing specific agro-climatic constraints (e.g. weather-related) and regional/country characteristics and to the sample composition. Most geographical regions are found to have significantly higher food security levels compared to Sub-Saharan Africa. Additional results indicate that besides calorie consumption, trade openness also improves dietary diversity and diet quality-related aspects of food security.     

中国农地产权绩效:来自制度匹配的观点

从"资源集中功能"和"生活保障功能"转向"经济激励功能"和"(市场)主体培育功能",进而转向"资源配置功能",这是我国集体土地产权模式经济功能的演变路径,它反映了不同阶段我国国民经济发展对集体土地产权制度的客观要求。基于制度匹配观点的分析表明:(1)从计划经济到市场经济的发展过程中,我国集体土地产权制度其实需要不同的制度匹配;(2)未来我国集体土地产权制度改革、户籍制度改革和公共服务供给制度改革必须联动进行。     

Types of technological scanning in manufacturing SMEs: an empirical analysis of patterns and determinants

As the component of environmental scanning that is concerned with science and technology, products, production processes, hardware and information systems, the concept of technological scanning, especially in small business, has received little empirical attention in the past. This paper aims to better define the different technological scanning practices of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) and identify the main factors that determine these differences. This is done without relation to organizational effectiveness as technological scanning is but one of many potential influences on business performance. Using data obtained from a mail survey on the scanning practices of 324 SMEs, the study hopes to increase our understanding of how various entrepreneurs confront various environments in practice. The research model used is based on the notion that, to define different technological scanning practices in small business, four aspects must be considered: strategic orientation (objectives pursued); types of information sought (on technologies and their costs, human resources necessary, etc.); sources used (customers, fairs, specialized publications, suppliers, research centres, etc.); and scanning management practices (methods used, staff involved, level of formalization, and integration of activities). These aspects are contingent upon four factors: the managers' profile; their perception of the environment; their firm's characteristics; and their information network. A cluster analysis reveals that the sampled firms can be grouped into four separate categories, according to the intensity of their technological scanning activities and the type of strategy used. In the first category, where scanning is most developed, the SMEs emphasize cost reduction and control, followed by improvements in competitiveness; they seek mainly financial and human resource information, and use their own internal resources to obtain it. A second category, where scanning is least developed, puts the emphasis on increasing production capacity and flexibility; these SMEs seek very diverse information from many sources. Of the two intermediate groups, one aims to diversify and increase the quality of products and services; marketing information is obtained through customers, suppliers and subcontractors. The other, whose scanning is better organized, favours increasing production capacity through innovation and market information with the help of governmental and financial institutions. This research concludes that there is no ‘one best way’ to environmental scanning in manufacturing SMEs, and that it all depends upon the organization, its objectives and its environmental pressures.     

关于城市物流的运营系统及其构成

城市物流的引入是为了应对全球范围内城市化和爆炸式增长的城市交通所带来的挑战。它提出了一系列措施,如通过整合运输、环境保护和经济增长等来提升城市货物流通效率,从而实现城市可持续发展战略。城市物流的运营系统包括城市运输领域的所有相关部分,并整合了所有的物流服务环节,如城市集运中心、最后一公里配送和逆向物流等。本文阐述了如何实施该运营系统,以全球领先的物流公司的大量实践说明其带来的益处。     

公务员提高人文素质的重要途径

公务员作为国家管理的主体,必须具备良好的人文素质,文章论述了公务员应该具备的人文素质,并提出了提高公务员人文素质的重要途径,希望为国家公务行政建设做出自己的贡献,不足之处请大家指正。     

中国与印度农户金融服务比较分析

中国和印度两国的农户金融服务体系构成性质相同,均为商业金融、政策性金融和合作金融,但业务运行存在实质差别。通过对两国农户金融服务的深入对比显示:一方面,印度商业金融比例高、政策性金融业务广泛深入、合作金融合作性质明显,值得中国学习和借鉴。另一方面,印度农户金融服务的非生产性质需要引起注意,在完善农户金融服务体系的过程中,需要协调生产性与非生产性金融服务的比例和结构。     

我国银、证、保理财业务法理明确和统一的制度缺失与应对

我国金融理财业的法律基础有待进一步夯实，需要从法理层面明确和统一金融理财业务的法律依据。从理论和实践层面看，我国金融理财业务主要按照信托模式开展业务。由于我国金融分业经营体制的影响和我国信托法律体系的内在缺陷，各类理财业务各自为政，既形成金融机构间不公平竞争，又造成受托人法律责任的缺失。所以可考虑从更高的层面上建立对国内各种形式理财业务的统一规范标准，为各类金融机构开展业务找到坚实的法律依据，以维护我国理财市场的公平竞争，从制度上保证金融理财市场持续稳定健康发展。     

Is property assessment really essential for taxation? Evaluating the performance of an ‘Alternative Assessment’ method

Many countries evade the formal valuation of real property for taxation purposes by using qualitative and spatial criteria in order to pursue an equitable distribution of burden. This paper evaluates the performance of a prototypical setup as such, by analyzing the relationship between property value, household income and the actual tax paid, in the exact framework of which the qualitative criteria are set to determine tax assessment. Drawing on detailed data from the Israeli Household Expenditure Surveys 1997–2005, the strong correlation between the three variables is evident. Yet, the limited differences in rates, compared with large variation in property value, make it regressive. Policy implications are relevant for many other countries using non-ad valorem taxation.