村级公共服务需求制度创新——以成都为例

本文以成都村级公共服务改革实践为例,首先初步分析了成都市村级公共服务供给现状,然后以农村居民对村级公共服务的实际需求为研究视角,重点分析了成都市在推进村级公共服务需求制度创新方面所取得的成效。最后在总结成都村级公共服务改革实践经验的基础上,进一步提出了完善我国村级公共服务需求制度的对策与建议。     

医疗卫生基本公共服务的城乡差距及均等化路径

当前,我国城乡之间的医疗卫生服务不均等已成为一个重要的社会问题。本文通过医疗卫生费用和医疗卫生资源的城乡数据分析得出城乡之间的医疗卫生公共服务差距巨大,并通过2000—2008年城乡医疗保健费用的泰尔指数分析,发现城乡组间对城乡医疗卫生公共服务差距的贡献基本上在80%以上,几乎是组内差距贡献的4倍,而从两组的内部差距来看,农村内部的不均等程度要稍高于城市内部的不均等程度,根据分析结果并从财政向农村医疗卫生的投入倾斜、城乡医疗保险制度的整合、医疗体制的深化改革等方面就如何促进医疗卫生公共服务城乡均等化进行探讨。     

公众健康权与药品专利权:利益冲突及其政策选择

药品专利权与公众健康权的冲突由来已久,通过政府药品管制及现存法律制度提供的强制许可与平行进口路径,并不能得到有效解决冲突。政府基于责任伦理在国民收入第二次分配中的补偿机制,应当是现阶段公众健康权实现的较为可行的政策选择。     

政府公共卫生支出行为影响因素的实证分析

公共卫生支出属于财政支出的重要组成部分。随着我国公共财政体制的建立,合理界定公共卫生支出占财政支出的比重显得尤为重要。本文使用31省、直辖市、自治区2000—2010年的面板数据,实证分析了我国地方政府公共卫生支出的影响因素。研究表明,人口规模、人口结构、城市化程度与政府公共卫生支出并没有必然的因果关系;经济发展水平和政府机构及人员的膨胀程度与政府公共卫生支出之间存在着正相关关系;财政分权也只是对公共卫生支出产生很小的正面影响。     

财政分权对地方公共支出结构的影响及对策研究

中国财政分权的实施为我国的现代化建设做出了巨大贡献,但同时许多问题也渐渐暴露。本文着眼于现阶段地方公共支出中所存在的问题和弊端,分析财政分权对其影响过程中的突出问题,提出重视民生建设合理的调整财政支出比例、全面的官员考核制度、中央与地方政府间的合理分权等相应对策,以使地方公共支出结构更为合理、有效。     

公共财政框架下我国预算制度改革研究

从预算史演进的角度看,在我国现实背景下政府预算与公共预算具有不同内涵。就民主化取向而言,政府预算决定了预算是面向政府内部并直接支持政府行为的;公共预算决定了预算是面向公民,直接支持公民的行为与福利的。我国公共预算制度体系建设的总体目标在于打造能够内在统一民主理念和法治要求的预算制度体系;可以围绕打造统一预算和提升立法机构预算地位、完善预算监督两条主线推进改革。     

Children aged 9-14 living in disadvantaged areas in England: Opportunities and barriers for cycling

The aim of this paper is to take a holistic perspective to explore levels of cycling and opportunities and barriers to increase children’s safer cycling in disadvantaged areas in England. The study was one part of a larger study which explored the factors underlying the high level of road traffic casualties especially among children in the most disadvantaged areas of England and to explore how this impacts on mobility and quality of life. The methods involved a cross sectional survey comprising school based questionnaire surveys with children aged 9-14 and focus groups with parents who had children within this age range. The surveys were conducted in 2007 and the focus groups during 2008. 4286 children completed the survey and eight focus groups were held. Bike ownership (77%) was high, use in previous week moderate (39%) but only 2% cycled to school. Ownership was significantly lower in minority ethnic groups. Despite young children’s strong preference to travel by cycle (30%) than walk or go by car, most parents felt it was too hazardous. It is unlikely that these findings would be any different from the rest of England, however the combination of environmental and social factors may elevate the risks for young cyclists in these areas. This paper concludes that a number of barriers exist to increasing levels of cycling among children living in disadvantaged areas particularly amongst ethnic groups. These barriers could be addressed by environmental modifications to reduce speeds and by reducing the levels of antisocial driving and riding in residential areas and around destinations where children travel, by providing cycle training to improve children’s skills and parent’s confidence, and by providing secure storage facilities for bikes. Until these barriers are addressed it is unlikely that cycling will increase despite the strong preferences children have to travel by bike. Such preferences to cycle provide an opportunity for local authorities to act on.     

Exploring the use of travel information – identifying contextual market segmentation in Seoul, Korea

As the amount of information is rapidly growing, and ubiquitous urban environments are emerging, the question which kind of information to provide is a major challenge for commercial and public travel-information service providers alike. This paper reports the analyses of recent data, collected in Metropolitan Seoul, about the acquisition of travel information. The study applies CHAID analysis to find homogeneous segments in travel information acquisition. Findings indicate that contextual variables are crucial to explain information acquisition behaviour, depending on decision context. The implication is that both socioeconomic and contextual variables are important to better understand the acquisition (and provision) of travel information. The results have important implications for managers and policy-makers, in particular in the way they respond to dynamic, contextual market segmentation.     

证券市场监管理论——公共利益论、部门利益论的比较与评述

对经典的监管理论,尤其是对公共利益论、部门利益论与捕获论形成的背景、内涵、优缺点、适用条件进行了完整的比较分析,认为这些理论观点对监管的研究和监管实践有着重要的指导意义,但每一种理论都是对监管的某一方面进行的研究,还没有一种理论能够对证券市场监管的所有问题做出满意的解释。要提高我国证券市场监管的效果,需要从整体上运用这...     

基于新公共服务理论的广西邮政改革的对策研究

邮政业作为公共企业,是公共部门的重要组成部分,以新公共服务理论作为理论基础来研究广西邮政的改革问题具有深刻的内在必然性。本文对如何深化邮政政策进行较为全面的研究和探索。