高职文秘专业关键能力分解与学习领域构建

高职文秘专业关键能力包括沟通与协调能力、处理办公室日常事务能力、策划和组织商务活动和会议能力、围绕单位中心工作写出不同种类文书能力，其核心在于写做合一。这些关键能力可分解为商务文书写作、文书事务处理、活动策划与实施三大学习领域，进而形成具体的专业核心课程，达到培养高端技能型秘书人才的目的。     

Gains from horizontal collaboration among ski areas

Ski areas are known to expand by linking their lifts to neighbouring systems. Based on data from approximately 250 winter sport destinations in Austria, pooled over the years 1998–2014, this study explores the effects of such horizontal collaboration on the number of overnights stays in the area. A difference-in-differences (DID) approach combined with propensity score matching shows that new lift-linkages or expansions lead to a consolidation in the number of overnight stays at a level 12 per cent higher than before the introduction of the lift-link. However, there is a certain degree of heterogeneity in the causal effects. Satellite ski areas, remote villages and those who combine lift-linking with new connecting slopes benefit the most. More recent lift-linkages seem to lead to smaller gains than those established in the early years.     

开发长春汽车产业主体功能区的财政政策建议

财政政策对推进主体功能区建设具有重要作用,可以引导资源要素合理流动,促进经济快速发展,推进基本公共服务均等化。长春汽车产业区应作为主体功能区的重点开发区,财政政策要具体地为重点开发汽车产业区提供支持和服务。     

Do tourists disperse weed seed? A global review of unintentional human-mediated terrestrial seed dispersal on clothing,vehicles and horses

Human-mediated seed dispersal is recognised as an important, but under-researched, issue. To assess the potential for tourists to act as unintentional seed dispersal agents, we reviewed published and unpublished data on seed dispersal via clothing, vehicles (cars) and in/on horses and donkeys, all of which can be used by tourists. Seeds from 754 species of terrestrial plants have been collected from these vectors, 15% of which are internationally recognised environmental weeds. Seeds were collected from personal clothing and equipment (228 species), the fur of donkeys and horses (42 species), horse dung (216 species) and vehicles (505 species). Most were herbs (429 species) or graminoids (237 species) and native to Europe. Annual Poa, White Clover, Kentucky Bluegrass and Yorkshire Fog were the most frequent species. There have been eight studies specifically on tourists, which identified 12 species on clothing, 26 on vehicles and 133 from horse dung. Methods that minimise the risk of tourists as human-mediated dispersal agents may therefore be appropriate for some tourism activities/destinations: suggestions are made. Further sampling using standardised experimental techniques is required to assess the relative risk associated with specific tourist activities and locations and determine which, and how much, seed is transported.     

Computer Simulation as a Tool for Planning and Management of Visitor Use in Protected Natural Areas

The United Nations Environment Programme’s Principles on Implementation of Sustainable Tourism suggest that implementing sustainable tourism must include monitoring visitor use of protected natural areas and directing it to areas where the environmental and social impacts of tourism are minimised. Thus, sustainable tourism management requires information about the spatial and temporal flow of visitor use in protected natural areas to help identify potential tourism-related threats to the natural and cultural resources of an area and the quality of visitors’ experiences. Recent research has identified at least four ways in which simulation modelling of visitor use can facilitate more informed planning and management of sustainable tourism in protected natural areas, including (1) describing existing visitor use flows; (2) monitoring the condition of ‘hard to measure’ indicator variables; (3) testing the effectiveness of alternative visitor use management practices; and (4) guiding the design of research on public attitudes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, using findings from studies conducted in the Inyo National Forest and Isle Royale National Park, USA, each of these four potential contributions of computer simulation to sustainable tourism management and planning. The paper concludes with an assessment of the limitations of existing applications of computer simulation to nature-based tourism and recommendations for future research.     

城乡基本公共物品均衡配置的可行性分析

城乡基本公共物品供给均衡配置是实现城乡协调、缩小城乡差距的特定途径。我国城乡基本公共物品配置制度在新时期的改革与建设中尽管已经取得了很大成就,但农村公共物品供给还相对落后,城乡基本公共物品配置呈现出严重的非均衡性。经过30年的改革开放,我国已由生存型阶段进入发展型的新阶段,综合国力的提高、工业化发展阶段的变化以及党和政府治理理念的转变,使城乡基本公共物品均衡配置具有现实可行性。     

网络视角下中国各地区创新过程效率研究:基于我国八大经济区的比较

创新效率问题是学术界关注的焦点.本文从解剖创新过程中的要素流动机理出发,揭示了创新过程的网络化特征,并通过构建网络DEA模型,测算了创新过程整体效率、"创新资源转换"效率与"创新知识转化"效率.以我国八大经济区为研究对象发现:"创新资源转换"与"创新知识转化"效率的主要影响因素不同,前者受到R&D人员区域分布结构影响,后者受到各地区经济发展水平差异的影响;区域创新过程整体效率与"创新知识转化"效率高度相关;区域创新整体效率与"创新知识转化"效率在样本期间稳步上升;整体效率与"创新知识转化"效率出现地区追赶的收敛现象,"创新资源转换"阶段是整体效率发散的隐患.     

Revisiting the theory of optimum currency areas: Is the CFA franc zone sustainable?

This paper aims at explaining why the CFA countries have successfully maintained a currency union for several decades, despite failing to meet many of optimum currency area criteria. We suggest that the CFA zone, while not optimal, has been at least sustainable. We test this sustainability hypothesis by relying on the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) approach. In particular, we assess and compare the convergence process of real exchange rates towards equilibrium for the CFA zone countries and a sample of other sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Our findings evidence that internal and external balances have been fostered and adjustments facilitated in the CFA zone as a whole—compared to other SSA countries—as well as in each of its member countries.     

农村土地流转的制度架构与路径分析

土地流转是实现农村土地规模化经营,加快农业现代化建设的一条重要途径.在实践中必须坚持农村土地承包关系长久不变,切实保护好农民群众的根本利益,加强农村社会保障体系等配套制度建设,准确定位政府在土地流转中的角色与职责,推动土地流转形式多样化、流转程序规范化、流转交易市场化、流转经营规模化和流转纠纷调处手段多元化等流转机制建设,为土地流转打造可靠的制度平台.     

建设彭阳县农村自来水入户工程的思路和建议

干旱少雨、水资源短缺是制约彭阳县经济发展和当地群众饮水困难的主要矛盾。饮水安全人口占全县农村总人口的45.6%,为此笔者总结了关于解决彭阳县饮水安全问题的一些思路和建议。