I’ll Be Watching You: Shoppers’ Reactions to Perceptions of Being Watched by Employees

This research fills a gap in the retailing literature regarding the impact of shoppers’ perceptions of being watched while shopping for embarrassing products. Four studies consistently show that an employee watching a shopper can cause the shopper to either permanently or temporarily leave the shopping area as purchase intentions decrease. Reactance theory explains this relationship, which is mediated by consumers’ feelings of control over their own privacy. Essentially, when shoppers believe an employee is watching them, they feel less in control of their privacy, resulting in negative consequences for the retailer. This relationship is especially important for products that consumers may already feel some level of embarrassment over purchasing in the first place. The results have important theoretical implications for reactance theory by demonstrating that a consumer can regain control even when the original threat to behavior still exists. Additionally, increasing options that allow a consumer to regain control will reduce the overall reactance to the threat to privacy and will improve retailer outcomes. Practitioner recommendations present several techniques that allow the consumer to regain privacy control in spite of the sometimes necessary practice of watching in-store consumers.     

基于因子分析法的草业生产优势区域研究

草业是草食畜牧业发展的基础,也是提升畜产品产量和质量的保障,研究草业生产并划分其优势区具有重要现实意义。该文基于可获得性的统计数据及指标,尝试使用粗略的11项指标以评价我国草业生产的区域优势。基于该指标体系,采用因子分析法对30个省、市、区2010年和2011年的生产优势进行评价,以了解草业发展优势现状,并为其政策取向提供客观依据。研究结果表明,甘肃、青海、内蒙古、四川、陕西、新疆、贵州和黑龙江等省区综合得分排名在前,具有明显优势,可将我国草业生产优势区划分为三个,即西北优势区、西南优势区和东北优势区,中部、南部和东部沿海地区不具优势,草业生产呈现出显著的非均衡性和地域性特征。对此,建议出台相应扶持政策,做好草业生产、保护和资金投入工作,打造草业生产优势 “三区”发展。     

基于领先市场视角的战略性新兴产业发展路径

分析了战略性新兴产业的内涵和关键成功因素,探讨了领先市场对战略性新兴产业竞争优势的影响。根据产业技术能力和领先市场潜力的不同,归纳了战略性新兴产业发展的四类路径。最后提出了在领先市场视角下促进战略性新兴产业发展的政策措施。研究认为,加快培育领先市场角色、通过技术与市场的互动形成主导设计、促进创新的全球扩散,有助于一个国家或地区的战略性新兴产业在国际竞争中掌握战略主动权。     

全球价值链下中国产业升级的战略转换

改革开放以来,中国企业凭借大量廉价劳动力资源和广阔的国内市场嵌入到由发达国家跨国公司主导的全球价值链中。长期的这种低端嵌入局面使中国企业逐渐面临利润微薄和产业升级自主性丧失的危险。GVC的主导者与嵌入者在利润分配、产业升级中的不同境遇表明,只有构建我们自己主导的GVC才能使中国产业升级走出困境。当前中国面临的国际环境、资源和市场条件等决定了构建中国的全球价值链刻不容缓,而中国本土企业的竞争力低下又决定了中国企业应将提升竞争力与构建全球价值链相统一。     

Customer and retailer rebates under risk aversion

In a supply chain setting, we analyze a manufacturer's customer and retailer rebates, which are sales incentives offered to the end buyers and retailers, respectively. The performance of both rebates is influenced by the retailer's objective and response to the promotion due to his intermediary position in the channel. Earlier studies investigating rebates in distribution channels have traditionally assumed that the retailer is risk neutral with the objective of maximizing expected profits. In our paper, we consider a risk-averse retailer. We formally model risk aversion by adopting the Conditional-Value-at-Risk (CVaR) decision criterion. Using a stochastic and (effective) price dependent demand, we analyze the manufacturer's rebate amount decisions and the retailer's joint inventory and pricing decisions in a game theoretical framework. We provide several structural properties of the objective functions and show monotonicity of the retailer's decisions in the degree of risk aversion. For the case of retailer rebates, we characterize the unique equilibrium, and for the case of customer rebates, we prove the existence of an equilibrium. Using numerical examples, we provide further insights on the impact of risk aversion. For example, given an exogenous wholesale price, we observe a threshold value on the retailer's risk-aversion parameter below (above) which the manufacturer is better off with retailer rebates (customer rebates); implying that the manufacturer's preferred rebate type can be different depending on whether the retailer is risk neutral or sufficiently risk averse.     

零售平台的商户组内多样化与差异化

商户组内多样化和差异化是零售平台常见的特征。本文基于多样化与差异化特征的分析,建立零售平台的双边市场模型,讨论多样化与差异化特征和零售平台的运营策略之间的关系。分析发现：平台向商户收取高价主要受差异化影响,对顾客的补贴主要受多样化影响。平台向差异化商户收取源于竞争的价格加成,并限制差异化的商户数量。差异化度越低,价格加成越高,商户数量越少。商户间的差异化度、平台的差异化竞争策略,以及顾客对多样化商品需求的互补性,构成影响平台多样化与差异化均衡策略的三个因素。     

政府角色的主流学派见解与现实抉择

政府角色始终是理论界与实务界争论的焦点。政府角色相关理论,按照政府介入和承担的公共事务的职责及参与程度,将政府干预分为政府包揽和政府放任两种模式。我国政府在转型期在体制、规则、组织变革以及资源和重新分配方面的重要地位,决定了其政府主导的角色。     

对中国双头型经济发展模式的理论质疑

本文主要回顾了从雁行模式到中国双头型经济发展模式的理论发展，对中国双头型经济发展模式是否成立的理论基础——龙头产业进行了重新定义，并对龙头产业的判别标准——贸易特化系数(TSC)是否有效进行了探讨。在对中国经济是否已经达到经济转换点的问题进行论述之后，本文提出了关于中国经济发展模式的总体构想。     

How Applicable is the Dominant Firm Model of Price Leadership?

In this paper, we examine the usefulness of the dominant firm model of price leadership to serve as a benchmark for organizing behavior in laboratory markets. This well established model, whose origins can be traced back over a hundred years, has been recently applied to such landmark antitrust cases as Standard Oil and Alcoa and more recently to the analysis of deregulated markets for electric power. Our results indicate that in posted offer markets the dominant firm quite often produces more than the model's benchmark and sometimes at much greater prices. With sealed offer auction rules and a low elasticity of fringe supply, the dominant firm produces the theoretical output at a price greater than the prediction. However, with a high elasticity of fringe supply, the dominant firm produces more output over a wide range of prices that includes the predicted price.