全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7172篇 |
免费 | 100篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 955篇 |
工业经济 | 395篇 |
计划管理 | 1396篇 |
经济学 | 1442篇 |
综合类 | 670篇 |
运输经济 | 164篇 |
旅游经济 | 106篇 |
贸易经济 | 742篇 |
农业经济 | 528篇 |
经济概况 | 900篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 82篇 |
2022年 | 115篇 |
2021年 | 183篇 |
2020年 | 326篇 |
2019年 | 178篇 |
2018年 | 164篇 |
2017年 | 218篇 |
2016年 | 203篇 |
2015年 | 179篇 |
2014年 | 437篇 |
2013年 | 509篇 |
2012年 | 499篇 |
2011年 | 723篇 |
2010年 | 486篇 |
2009年 | 532篇 |
2008年 | 542篇 |
2007年 | 511篇 |
2006年 | 435篇 |
2005年 | 239篇 |
2004年 | 187篇 |
2003年 | 144篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 69篇 |
2000年 | 57篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7298条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Pedro Conceição Author Vitae Giorgio Sirilli Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2004,71(6):553-578
The structure and financing of science and technology activities are undergoing a slow, but profound, change. This change can be briefly characterized as a shift from relying and supporting public science to a stronger emphasis on “market-based” incentives for science and technology. In this paper we analyze this shift in a historical perspective, discussing both the theoretical explanations and the empirical trends of the ongoing change. While we do not claim to provide a comprehensive and exhaustive identification of the causes of this shift, we argue that it is largely driven by the perception of a shift of the U.S. policy towards market-based, rather than publicly supported, incentives for science and technology. This, in turn—given the strong economic performance of the United States over the 1990s—has influenced policies in most OECD countries, especially in Europe.We conclude by analyzing the evolution of research in U.S. higher education and find two major trends: an increasing diversity in the number of institutions of different types other than universities and a steady and continuous public funding of the leading U.S. universities. This has allowed the construction of an infrastructure now used largely by the private sector, but it also noted that the United States has not compromised public support for core areas or in those fields in which there is a clear perception that market incentives are not sufficient for meeting the strategic targets of the U.S. policy. The implication is that there is a considerable policy diversity in the U.S. practice and that all aspects of this diversity should be considered when using the United States as a reference. 相似文献
12.
Leiser Silva Eugenio Figueroa B. Jennifer Gonzlez-Reinhart 《Information and Organization》2007,17(4):232-265
This paper centers on the interpretation attributed by organizational members to the information systems (IS) alignment concept. Its objective is to study IS alignment in professional organizations. Specifically, it reports on an interpretive study conducted in five Chilean organizations; four professional and one entrepreneurial, of which two are private and three are public. The theoretical background of our study is derived from three IS strategic alignment conceptualizations: managerial, emergent and critical. These concepts formed our theoretical framework that guided data collection and analysis. The study centers on the meanings organizational members assigned to IS strategic alignment, as well as their views on the barriers that hinder achieving this level of organizational integration. The analysis results are summarized in seven hermeneutic themes that point out the different connotations the organizations assigned to IS alignment. The significance of the findings are summarized in four insights that formulate theoretical and practical implications. These insights refer to: (1) the difficulties of achieving alignment for professional organizations, particularly public ones, (2) the limitations these organizations have in being agile, (3) the rationale for acquiring technology and determining IT skills, and (4) the imperative meaning that CIOs attribute to IS alignment. The paper concludes with a reflection on the limitations and relevance of the research. 相似文献
13.
公开密钥加密技术在最近几年得到了极大的重视和发展。本文讨论了公钥加密技术的原理和实施技术,并结合公钥技术在Lotus Domino/Notes中的应用,着重探讨了Lotus系统内部用户校验和认证机制的建立和实施。 相似文献
14.
Jaakko Kiander Juha Kilponen Jouko Vilmunen 《European Journal of Political Economy》2004,20(4):983-999
This paper analyzes the relationship between unemployment, average effective labour tax rates and public spending in 17 OECD countries. The focus is on the degree of centralization and cooperation in wage setting. Estimation results from a dynamic time-series-cross-section model suggest that the countries where wage setting takes place at the firm level have used labour taxes less extensively in financing welfare spending, compared to countries with centralized or decentralized bargaining. This is consistent with another finding, according to which labour taxes distort the labour demand the least in the countries with firm level bargaining. 相似文献
15.
Johan Lagerlöf 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2004,106(1):123-142
The model of public policy studied in this paper has heterogeneous citizens/voters and two public goods: one (roads) chosen directly by an elected policy‐maker, and the other (pollution) stochastically dependent on the amount of roads. Both a one‐country and a two‐country version of the model are analyzed; the latter displays externalities across the countries which create incentives for free riding and strategic delegation. The welfare effects of providing the policy‐maker with information about the relationship between roads and pollution are investigated, and it is shown that more information hurts some—sometimes even all—citizens. In particular, the opportunity not to create an institution for information gathering can serve as a commitment device for a country, although with the unfortunate effect of making the overall outcome even worse. Implications for the welfare effects of “informational lobbying” are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
本文首先讲述了ITS中的2种通信技术——专用短程通信(DSRC)和蜂窝数字分组数据网(CDPD)的基本概念、工作原理及系统特点等,然后提出了一种基本这2种通信技术的先进公交系统,并对各个子系统的功能结构进行了描述。 相似文献
17.
Reverse e-auctions, which enable suppliers to compete on-line in real-time, are changing the way organizations select their suppliers. We explore how five large firms in different industries learned to use e-auctions, and how e-auctions were integrated into their purchasing processes. To successfully implement e-auctions, organizations should: (1) build e-auction competencies; (2) organize for knowledge management; (3) create a holistic sourcing process; (4) focus on the total cost of ownership; and (5) experiment with e-auction designs. Key observations are drawn from the case studies, and implications for supply managers are presented. 相似文献
18.
Setting operating policies for supply hubs 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This paper deals with the joint management of operations at the supply hub for the customer and the upstream supplier. Different operating conditions are considered, namely, backordering, minimum and maximum specified inventory levels. Some analytical insights on better managing suppliers operating under a vendor managed inventory program are presented. Essentially, we show that the penalty cost imposed on over- and under-stocking, and the min–max policy for hub inventory reside in the power of the hub operator. The relationship between supply hub policy and performance measures is quite complex and non-linear in nature. We suggest a structured hierarchical approach which can help supply hub in achieving balance between various parties involved in chain. A numerical example and an algorithm are included to highlight this result. 相似文献
19.
以历史发展的观点看公共财政与"三农"问题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
翁礼华 《中央财经大学学报》2003,(6):5-8
“三农”问题是一个受到全社会普遍关注的大问题,本从历史发展的角度,追溯了“三农”问题产生的根源,并结合实际工作,提出了按照公共财政的要求对“三农”进行扶持的主要方面。 相似文献
20.
In this essay, our goal is to assess the state of China's rural economy and examine whether rural China is capable of participating in the sequence of economic events that will lead to modernization. We examine how agricultural productivity has changed, the nature of the shift of labor moving from rural to urban areas, how commodity markets have evolved, and how the rural industrial sector is adjusting the recent reforms. According to our own work and that of others, we show how the rural economy is beginning to be fundamentally transformed and is contributing to China's modernization. 相似文献