Does government funding promote or inhibit the financialization of manufacturing enterprises? Evidence from listed Chinese enterprises

This study examines how government funding type affects the financialization of manufacturing enterprises in China and discusses the different impacts of environmental factors. Funding for production can induce managers to increase expenses and reduce main business income by assigning social objectives, promoting corporate financialization. However, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) may suffer from soft budget constraints and ignore short-term revenue; enterprises in competitive industries tend to hold cash for precautionary motivation. Therefore, their financialization is insensitive to government funding. In addition, funding for interest can inhibit corporate financialization by increasing debts for non-SOEs and those with financial background employees or facing strong financing constraints, because they are lacking in capital or sensitive to financial risks.     

How credit constraints affect small and medium enterprises' strategic employment decisions and employees' labour outcomes: Evidence from Vietnam1

This study makes use of rich firm-level and linked firm-employee datasets that span the 2009–2015 period in Vietnam to examine how SMEs' credit constraints affect their strategic employment decisions and employees' labour outcomes. Our results show that constrained SMEs enlarge total employment by employing relatively more temporary workers and paying their employees relatively lower wages than unconstrained borrowing firms. Meanwhile, discouraged firms, mostly informal businesses, do not behave differently from unconstrained counterparts. In order to maintain a stable employment portfolio, discouraged firms are relatively more willing to reward their employees with an overtime payment.     

Does the value-added tax Reform increase a firm’s collateral bank loans? Evidence from China

By leveraging the value-added tax (VAT) Reform as an exogenous event in China, we examine the impact of the tax cut on bank collateral loan on firms. Our findings suggest that (1) The Reform allows firms to deduct the tax of purchasing fixed assets that leads to a significant increase in the firm's collateral loan amounts. (2) The transmission mechanism is due to the increased level of corporate transparency and a lowered financial risk after the Reform. (3) The impact of the Reform on collateral bank loans is more pronounced for state-owned firms, large firms, firms far away from lenders and firms located in low financial development regions.     

“营改增”促进了还是抑制了企业创新？——以信息技术服务业为例

营业税改征增值税作为一项重大制度创新，不仅会减轻企业税负，而且也与我国经济发展方式转变、创新驱动等重大战略相呼应，其意义和作用是多方面的。以信息技术服务业上市公司作为研究对象，选取2010-2015年的相应数据作为研究样本，构建多元回归模型，从融资约束角度对“营改增”与企业创新的关系进行研究。研究发现“营改增”可以促进企业自主创新，且能缓解融资约束对企业创新的抑制作用。     

A refinement of the relationship between economic growth and income inequality

There is mixed evidence in the literature of a clear relationship between income inequality and economic growth. Most of that work has focused almost exclusively on developed economies. In what we believe to be a first effort, our emphasis is solely on developing economics, which we classify as high-income and low-income developing countries (HIDC and LIDC). We make such distinction on theoretical and empirical grounds. Empirically, the World Bank has classified developing economies in this manner since 1978. The data in our sample are also supportive of such classifications. We provide theoretical scaffolding that uses asymmetric credit constraints as a premise for separating developing economies in such a way. We find strong evidence of a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth in LIDC to be in stark contrast with a positive inequality–growth relationship for HIDC. Both correlations are statistically significant across multiple econometric specifications. Using international data from 1960 to 2010, this article explores the effect of income inequality on economic growth using dynamic panel technique, such as system generalized method of moments (GMM) that is believed to mitigate endogenous problem. These results are strikingly contrasting to the previous estimation results of Forbes (2000) displaying significant positive correlation between two variables in the short to medium term.     

税收征管数字化推动了资本深化吗？——基于金税三期准自然实验的分析

资本深化是应对经济下行和人口挑战的必然趋势。因此,基于2008年至2020年中国A股上市公司数据,以金税三期在全国逐步推行为准自然实验,利用渐进双重差分法实证考察税收征管数字化对企业资本劳动比的影响。研究发现,税收征管数字化会通过治理效应增加了企业的外源融资,进而提升了企业资本劳动比。异质性分析结果显示,税收征管数字化对劳动密集型企业、税收征管弱地区企业以及税收转嫁能力强企业的资本劳动比更具提升效应。研究结论有助于厘清税收征管对企业资本劳动比、要素结构的影响机理,为税收征管数字化助力经济转型升级提供了有效解释,丰富了税收征管数字化的经济后果,为推进税收数字化决策提供了理论借鉴。     

ESG评级对上市公司财务绩效影响研究

以2011—2021年我国A股上市公司为研究样本,实证分析了ESG评级对上市公司财务绩效的影响。研究发现：企业ESG表现对上市公司财务绩效具有显著正向促进作用;ESG表现不仅减缓融资约束,而且提升企业效率,对上市公司盈利能力均产生积极贡献;ESG表现对国有企业和非国有企业、大型企业和中小型企业、制造业与非制造业企业的财务绩效影响存在显著异质性,其中非国有企业、中小企业和制造型企业具有更强的正向促进效果。     

Inward FDI and Financial Constraints in Central and East European Countries

This study examines whether domestically owned firms in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) confronted higher financial constraints in their investments than did foreign-owned enterprises, and whether the domestic enterprises' financial constraints were caused by incoming foreign direct investment (FDI). In theory, foreign investment may be needed to bring in capital only initially; the subsequent investment can be financed locally. On the other hand, foreign-owned companies may be more attractive borrowers, crowding out domestic firms from imperfect host-country capital markets. Both hypotheses, however, are rejected, as the results are not consistent across different dependent variables and verification methods. There is some evidence that FDI reduced foreign subsidiaries' constraints without increasing the constraints suffered by the domestic enterprises. Tests are performed with regressions based on two alternative firm-level models, a direct one using perception-based assessment of the constraints, and an indirect one with financial indicators.     

Optimal time to sell a stock in the Black–Scholes model: comment on ‘Thou shalt buy and hold’, by A. Shiryaev,Z. Xu and X.Y. Zhou

We reconsider the problem of the optimal time to sell a stock studied by Shiryaev et al. (2008 Shiryaev, A, Xu, Z and Zhou, XY. 2008. Thou shalt buy and hold. Quant. Finan., 8: 765–776. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) (following in this issue of Quantitative Finance) using path integral methods. These methods allow us to confirm the results obtained by these authors and extend them to the entire parameter region. We also obtain the full distribution of the time t_m at which the maximum of the price is reached for arbitrary values of the drift.     

Bridging the Conceptual Frameworks of Constraints Negotiation and Serious Leisure to Understand Leisure Benefit Realization

Constraints negotiation and serious leisure are two major conceptual frameworks that have developed independently to understand individuals’ leisure participation. Although discrete ideas, they are conceptually similar in light of the fact that they address individuals’ leisure pursuits to attain various desirable benefits. The most important connections between these two frameworks lie in their assertion of different challenges inherent in leisure pursuits together with the need for serious efforts to reach leisure goals. Using a sample of Wisconsin anglers, the goal of this study is to better understand individuals’ benefit realization process by jointly examining the two conceptual frameworks of constraints negotiation and serious leisure. The study results suggest that negotiation strategies or efforts, which are at the center of both perspectives, play a key role in realizing diverse beneficial outcomes and developing unique leisure identities.